Compare and contrast the 1963 and 1990 version of ‘Lord Of The Flies’ Essay

In this essay I will be compare and contrast the 1963 and the 1990 version of ‘Lord Of The Flies’. I will be exploring the two films to see which is better at helping students to understand the central theories of Golding’s original novel. Peter Brook’s version was made in 1963, had a British cast and was filmed in black and white. He took an assembly of schoolboys to the Caribbean island of Vieques for three months and then got them to act out the book with very little direction from Brook himself. This may be because he wanted the film to look realistic and not staged. Harry Hook’s American, technicolour version was produced in 1990 and included characters who were not in the original novel. There are a number of differences between the two films. In the ‘Lord Of The Flies’ novel, Golding makes sure that no adults are present, aside from the dead parachutist. However in the 1990 version, a fatally ill pilot is present amongst the children. We are also never told about the boys’ homes or past in the book, whereas in Hook’s version the boys gossip about Jack’s military record and the time he drove off in an army car. At the beginning of Hook’s version, the boys are all members of the Sea Cadets and therefore are familiar with each other whereas in Brook’s version, the boys are meeting each other for the very first time. Nearing the end of the 1963 version, the chants used at Simon’s death are from the original novel, ‘kill the pig, cut his throat, spill his blood’. Conversely in Hook’s version they recite chants that are remembered from their training at the Cadets. The beast is a major theme in Golding’s original novel. It is the manifestation of the boys’ innermost fears of the evil that resides inside themselves. The video versions treat the beast in different ways. In Hook’s version the idea of a beast is introduced through Jack as he is telling stories around a campfire. In Brooks’ version, the little boys with the birthmark introduces the beast, saying he has seen a monster in the jungle. Both films portray Ralph as a good-looking, tall boy. This is why the children warm to him and elect him leader, whereas Jack, whose is ‘ugly without silliness’, is overlooked. This is an issue in everyday life where good-looking people are more socially accepted than ugly people. An example of this is how magazines always display attractive models. Towards the end of both films, Ralph is being hunted like a pig as the boys set fire to the island hoping to corner him. As soon as he reaches the beach the naval officer appears, showing a sign of authority. At the beginning of both films Ralph is admired by the boys, but slowly loses respect through his inability to offer the same fun as Jack does. This shows that children overlook maturity and responsibility when there is an option to have a good time. Jack is represented in the same way in both films. He shows anger and impatience from the start of the film. When he fails in his attempt to challenge Ralph for leadership, his thirst for power overflows as he sets up his own tribe. His tribe is of a dictatorship nature and refer to Jack as the chief, obeying his every command. Hook’s film shows Jack turning savage faster, wearing more face paint than in Brook’s version. Piggy’s unfortunate quality are the subject of the other boys’ scorn; his asthma, fatness and poor eyesight, with his glasses being a visual symbol. They are symbolic of man’s insight or lack of it, where there are no rules of society to control behaviour. Piggy is not afraid to express his opinions, but is never taken seriously because he is fat, short sighted and has a different accent. These qualities add up to someone who fails to fit in with the rest of the boys. Ralph, however, is tall, fair, and good-looking, speaking in a cultured way (the same as the others). Nevertheless Ralph does not possess the real brains that Piggy does, which causes his downfall and lets Jack get away with murder. From this, one is led to believe that humans are shallow and fail to look beyond the visual exterior of man. Simon is depicted as the silent boy in both films. He is likened to Jesus and is killed, just as Jesus died on the cross. The new technology available in 1990 made Hook’s version gorier. Simon never finds the courage to express his thoughts and emotions, and therefore is looked upon as an outsider like Piggy. The human mind needs to be constantly nurtured to prevent it from turning against others. Children need a higher figure to maintain peace and harmony, ensuring them that their biggest fears are in fact figments of their imagination (for example monsters under the bed). When there is no higher authority, undeveloped minds do not think of others. They do not live their lives considerately. Instead, they act on their instincts and are quick to blame an outsider for their own fears. This is how the beast becomes an issue on the island, as even the older boys begin to doubt their common sense. Rather than rationally thinking the problem out, the boys begin to fear this imaginary beast. The only boy that realises the truth is Simon, who understands that the beast is the boys’ inner fear, physically manifested. Authority is also a major issue in both films, more so in Hook’s version, where the boys lose sight of civilisation quicker. The conch is symbolic of the law and is used to call order in the beginning. However as the boys are replaced by their savage primitive selves, the conch loses all significance. The smashing of the conch shows the crumbling of the walls of society. The two films are aimed at similar audiences, both children and adults alike. Brooks’ version was appropriate for its time and so lacked the elements of the modern film. Hook’s version showed effects that were relevant to modern times, which made it more appealing to children in society today. The language in both films had to be different to appeal to the target audience. For example, in Brooks’ version Piggy calls Jack and his tribe, ‘a pack of painted niggers’. This would be deemed as racist in society today. In the same way, Hook’s version uses words of profanity that would have been unacceptable in 1963. Both directors have used different technical effects in their film versions of the novel, such as camera angles, music, make up/costume, photography/lighting and direction. Brooks used music at the crucial points of the films. When Simon died, religious music was played to make the audience think of holy things. Brooks’ version contained not much stage direction, as he wanted the film to appear realistic and not staged. However there were not many camera angles. More mid shots and less angle shots were taken. In 1963 there wasn’t the technology to filter light. Brooks’ version used make up well. The savages were easily distinguishable from Ralph’s group, and the war paint on Jack’s tribe was realistic, as if natural. The music used in Hook’s version was sincere and genuine. The music was dramatic and the mood changed throughout the film. At the start it was jolly as the boys were only just discovering the island, whereas near the end the music was reflective upon all the destruction the boys had caused. At the time of Simon’s death, a low, mournful type of music was played while as Piggy died, silence reigned. This gave the audience the impression that the death of Piggy symbolised the complete destruction of civilisation. It gave them a chance to think about how the boys had gone from mindless games to murder. Stage direction were used in accordance to the novel and was therefore noticeably better. Due to technology a wider variety of camera angles were used. There were many close-ups of the war paint on the savages, truly showing how society had crumbled. Mid shots signified the passing of time. Subjective shots were taken during Ralph’s chase, which led to the effect that Ralph was the only sane boy left being chased by savage brutes. In Hook’s version the lighting was clear. He was able to control the amount of light he wanted cast onto each individual scene, which was not possible during the time of Brooks’ film. The fact that the film was in colour added to the effect on the costume and the blood on the hunters. The effects mentioned above help us to understand and interpret the novel. They tell us about time passed on the island and the gradual deterioration of the boys’ sense of law and order. I have concluded that Brooks’ version of the film would be more helpful for students of the text. His film was made only nine years after the book was published and therefore used the same language of the period. Hook’s version was made in 1990, and was vastly different. Society had greatly changed in forty years. The language used was completely different. The American actors meant that the vocabulary used was different from the novel. This film contained many characters that were not in the original novel, which could have led to confusion for students studying the text. Brook’s version showed more relevance to the script. The events occurred in the same sequence as the book. Children of today would have found Hook’s version more entertaining, seeing as there was more blood, gore and profanity. However it would not aid them in the study of the text as much as Brook’s version could.

Relationship Between Speaking And Listening

Kelsey responded in a very clear way. I agree that you cannot have one without the other. Like Kelsey said, when you are younger and learning to talk, you listen to what other people say. If no one were to listen when they were younger, than nobody would know how to talk. Joey also brought up a great point He mentioned body language. Although you do not need to listen with your ears to read body language, you still need to focus on what the other person is trying to say. Listening is basically trying to focus on what another person is trying to get out to others whether it is with your eyes, or your ears. Pratt Gag 6, 2009 Speaking and listening go together like best and friend. The reason this is the analogy that I chose is because best friends listen when their best friend is speaking. Although, speaking does not require listening, and listening does not require speaking. Many times when I am talking to someone in my family they tune me out, ignore me. It is in times such as this w hen speaking does not demand listening. Speaking does not always need listening because often times the words being said are little more than idle chatter.For and example, Melinda says on page 86, â€Å"By the time we eat dinner, the Battle is roaring at lull pitch. Grades, blah blah blah, Attitude, blah blah blah, Help around the house, blah blah blah, Not a kid anymore, blah blah blah. † Also, on page 115 Melinda is daydreaming while her parents are talking with the school guidance counselor and the school principal. â€Å"In my headword they jump on Principal Principals desk an perform a tap-dance routine. A spotlight flashes on them. A chorus line joins in, and the guidance counselor dances around a spangled cane. I giggle. Zap.Back in their world. † In neither of these passages is Melinda listening, but people are still speaking. Thus, speaking can exist thou listening. Likewise, listening does not require speaking. It is possible you listen to things that cannot speak. Also, it is possible to listen to others, even when they do not speak. So many times share looks with my friends that say more than a thousand words ever could. To provide a real life example, today at band camp was talking to my best friend, but neither of us were speaking. Yet I know that she was listening to me, and to her.As an example from the book, page 152 is excellent. Melinda is hiding in her closet at school and she talks about her poster speaking to her. â€Å"Maya taps me on he shoulder. I'm not listening. I know I know, I don't want to hear it. I need to do something about Rachel, cometh inning for her. Maya tells me without saying anything. † Even though Melinda says that she is not listening to Maya, she evidently is. Maya isn't really saying anything, seeing as she is part of an inanimate object. Considering this, listening can also exist without speaking just as speaking can also exist without listening.Two different people, independent from each other , yet held fast by an unbreakable bond. Two different ideas, independent from each other, yet held together by an iron link. Best friends are truly just the same as speaking and listening. Choice Gag 7, 2009 The relationship between speaking and listening is that if someone is speaking for a particular reason, there is usually someone or something on the other end listening and possibly benefiting from the speaker. One can exist without the other to an extent. Someone can speak to themselves but the only one listening is themselves.Also, someone can listen to anything. Music, rain falling, cars passing by, and so many other things that are able to be listened to but none of those things are qualified as speaking. So I believe pea king cannot exist without listening, but listening can exist without speaks Eng. Junkyard's Gag 7, 2009 First of all, wow great response Beck! She's right! Speaking and listening definitely go together like brother and sister, however you have the choice to be listening when others are speaking or vice versa.Page 86 as Beck mentioned says, â€Å"By the time we eat dinner, the Battle is roaring at full pitch. Grades, blah blah blah, Attitude, blah blah blah, Help around the house, blah blah blah, Not a kid anymore, blah blah blah. † Page 115 Melinda is daydreaming while her parents are talking with the school guidance nonsense and principal. â€Å"In my headword, they jump on Principal Principals desk an perform a tap-dance routine. A spotlight flashes on them. A chorus line joins in, and the guidance counselor dances around a spangled cane. Giggle. Zap. Back in their world. † Right on again!This proves to us that speaking does not always need listening, and even in our everyday lives we often times speak random words knowing that no one is listening. Beck also mentioned a great example on page 152 of listening without speaking. Melinda talks about her poster Maya, â€Å"Maya taps me on the shoulder. I'm not listening. I know I know, I don't want to hear it. I need to do something about Rachel, something for her. Maya tells me without saying anything. † Although Mel says she is not listening, she obviously does. Therefore, listening can also exist without speaking just as speaking can exist without listen inning. Griming Gag 10, 2009 There is a symbiotic relationship between speaking and listening. One cannot exist without the other effectively. This goes back to the age old saying, if a tree falls in the forest but if no one is around to hear it did the tree actually make any noise when it fell. You can speak all you want but if no one is existing there is no point in speaking. You can listen all you want but if no one is speaking there is no point in listening. This is how Melinda felt, she could talk all she wanted but she thought no one would listen, so she figured there was no point in talking.Referring back to page 1 84 when Melinda speaks out and tells Rachel that she was raped, Rachel believes her at first but then when the person that raped Melinda was Earache's boyfriend she calls Melinda a liar and does not believe her. Dishtowel Gag 1 0, 2009 Beach, think you did a good job of exploring all of the opportunities between peaking and listening. It is true that the two go together like brother and sister, but I think that they can also stand on their own. Harrison, I would like to point out something when you said â€Å"You can speak all you want but if no one is listening there is no point in speaking. I think you have a valid point, but aren't there some people that say things purposely when nobody is listening, just to get it off of their chest without the fear of others' judgment? Think that speaking and listening have a very complicated, semi-dependent relationships with each other. Pratt Gag 10, 2009 Thanks Jean! This was actually my favorite question to answer because it was a challenge, but I knew that I would be able to come up with a good answer. Laur en, I want to bring up what you said about saying things when people aren't listening just to get it off your chest.I think that is something that we as teenagers all do. For instance, people mutter to themselves and someone says â€Å"What? † and you reply â€Å"Nothing. † then they proceed to say â€Å"What? No, seriously, tell me. Want know! † Often times I find that the person who muttered is saying something negative to themselves that they do not want everyone around them to hear, but if they do not say it they will flip. Or also, many times I will go off by myself and just try to explain things to myself to try and figure things out. No one is listening, yet I am still speaking.And as I am speaking, I am helping myself by bringing thoughts to the surface to help organize and collect myself. Speaking aloud helps me a lot, even when no one is listening. So Harrison, I also disagree with your point stating that no point exists in speaking if no one is listen ing, because speaking can be extremely worthwhile, perhaps even more worthwhile when no one is listening, because o one will interject and argue with you. Nanas Gag 12, 2009 In a mix of words Sarah says that though there is a relationship between speaking and listening, not everyone will choose to listen to what they hear.Speaking and listening cannot exist without each other and if you want to be listened to you must first listen to others and speak up so that others hear and listen to you. There is a difference between hearing and listening and if you want to speak you must be understanding and willing to listen to what others have to say as well. In Speak, Sarah states that Melinda does not speak of her rape and this is true. Though many people are willing to listen to Melinda such as her friends, mother and father, David Petrifies, Mr..Freeman and potentially others, she feels as though no one would hear her or just choose not to listen. Sarah quotes Melanin's realization that t hough, â€Å"IT†, meaning Andy Evans raped her and that it might not ever leave her, she can grow from it. When she finally figures out that it is Okay to share what occurred at the party and speak to others about it Melinda begins to grow again. Agree with Sarah that the only way Melinda can over come what happened is by speaking about it and having other people listen to her. Crooking Gag 28, 2009 Sarah Footfall makes a really good point in her explanation.

My Memorable Experience Paragraph

My Memorable Experience Draft: A memorable moment that I experienced was when I received my first black eye. At that time I was at the age of eleven. This experience occurred one day after school and my siblings and I were on our way home from school. I don’t remember much of what had happened that day because of an incident, but I remember bits and pieces of it. Every teenager loved their Fridays and this day is one that I’ll always remember. One beautiful Fall afternoon my two other siblings and I had arrived at our bus stop.I was sitting in a seat with a friend from school and my brother and sister were sitting next to ours. We all stood from our seats and casually walked off from the bus. I noticed my brother and sister ran in front of the bus and was ahead of me by a few steps. So I had to quickly wave to one of my friends on the bus and hurry back towards them. I scurried towards my siblings not even aware of where I was looking and as the bus started to drive off , I decided to turn around and to watch the bus drive off.I quickly turned around for my house and as I simultaneously raised my head to look in which direction I was heading and I happened to run into stop sign pole. I immediately began crying and quickly covered my left eye because of the blood was dripping down from my eyebrow to my face. My sister heard and seen me crying and was also stunned on what to do so she looked at my brother to come help. As he approached me, he took off his jacket and told me to use his jacket to cover my eye. My siblings were guiding me home. I noticed my eye stopped bleeding, so I used my brother’s jacket to wipe the blood on my forehead.

Globalization and international trade. Is more international trade Essay

Globalization and international trade. Is more international trade socially beneficialWould it be possible to agree, unanimously, that globalization is a bad i - Essay Example f computer technology, who represent the â€Å"Electronic Hurd† led by Wall Street and (c) the policy of â€Å"globulation† whereby dictatorial states are forced to democratize through pressure applied by the international community. According to Curran and Park, the increased networking due to globalization makes it â€Å"a process that is increasing international dialogue, empowering minorities and building progressive solidarity.† (Curran and Park, 2000:10). In the countries of east Europe where deregulation and the introduction of capitalistic modes of private enterprise through introduction of free trade have eroded the traditional socialistic framework that has existed in these countries.(Richards and French, 1996: 41). According to Thomas Friedman, globalization is the â€Å"inexorable integration of markets, nation states and technologies†¦..the spread of free market capitalism to virtually every country in the world.† (Friedman, 2000: 7-8). Waters views it as a â€Å"social process† in which the limitations imposed by geography are receding (Waters, 1995:3). He sees a social transformation taking place, whereby the economic and class inequalities that existed between countries and created material and power exchanges is now steadily being replaced by relationships that are based upon common symbols and values, shared tastes and preferences – a cultural transformation of social life. (Waters 1995:124). In reference to international trade facilitated by globalization and the opening up of borders, Mittelman refers to globalization as a historical transformation - â€Å"a political response to the expansion of market power† resulting in a transformation â€Å"in the economy, of livelihoods and modes of existence† (Mittelman, 2000: 6) and McMichael corroborates this view, seeing the process of global integration taking place on the basis of â€Å"market rule on a global scale†(McMichael, 2000:149). Friedman (2000) has highlighted some of the advantages of

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

World War II - Essay Example The article, which features a documentary film â€Å"Touching the Tigers,† focuses on the idea that China was an ally of the United States in WWII, and hopefully seeks to instill the notion that it is so until now. In fact, one of those who were responsible for Beneda’s survival was then military commander Li Zongren, who went on to become President of China in 1949 (Friedersdorf, 2012). The truth of this matter is implied to have been confirmed by Beneda’s widow, Elinor Beneda, who was mentioned in another article (â€Å"Documentary,† 2011). In fact, the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries have even wanted everyone to know about such friendship that China fostered with the United States, through Beneda’s story (Friedersdorf, 2012). This is perhaps a political strategy to use World War II anecdotal evidence in order to help neutralize the increasing tension between the United States and China. Nowadays, China opposes U.S. sanctions on Iran (Censky, 2012). Moreover, China complains that the United States has not been particularly open to Chinese investors (Censky, 2012). China has also recently challenged the Philippines, an ally of the United States, in the dispute over who has a right to the Scarborough Shoal (Boot & Kirkpatrick, 2012). These misunderstandings plus the fact that China has been rumored to surpass the U.S. in terms of size of economy in 2016 and the fact that Pres. Obama â€Å"will not stand by when [the United States’] competitors don’t play by the rules† (Censky, 2012). However, the article seems to shed a more positive light on these aforementioned matters. Through the article, as well as through the influence of the documentary film it describes, U.S.-China relations will hopefully end up in a more positive light, or as what Henry Kissinger describes as â€Å"†¦a strong, prosperous, and successful China that plays

Schooling and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Schooling and Society - Essay Example Thus, the curriculum in education was extremely utilitarian-valuable and useful (Chitty 2004). However, the young generation of the 21st century were not blinded by the management of the government and Beare (2001, p.6) described them as the most ruthless critics of the present management of the world and and the least likely to be estranged. The young generation witnessed the need for a lot of change in the schools' goals and aims, impositions from interests, school operation, and the kind of students to produce. However, it was observed that the schools that are looking for the economically productive, the achievements of individual students, the values of schools, the tangible and intangible outcomes of schooling, the impact of schools on the labour market, and the responsibility for societal well-being have lessen in time. In the beginning of the 21st century, accountability, which is the reliability that comes with the control, power and responsibility to perform something, became the most necessary in most educational systems (Heim 1996). This essay aims to give an overview of the changing educational systems due to the demands of good performance from the working society. As strengths and weaknesses are discussed, the question lies if accountability truly meets the demands that professional performance should improved in their outcomes. Accountability became an international issue during the bloom of the 21st century (Anderson 2005). A lot of European school systems such as those of England and France make use of examinations in measuring student's entre to the next educational level. Anderson (2005, p.3) noted that accountability systems represent already established communal values and aspirations. Educational opportunity has been replaced by equal attainment which is concerned with equal access and treatment to education. But the question is what should be expected of children to learn in exchange for the formal education they obtained. Anderson (2005, p.4) noted that this is based on values, aspirations, expectations and goals society wants their citizens to achieve. Research has shown (Ylimaki et al. 2007) that school's ability to perform successfully to improve student achievement is being hindered by poverty. However, Ylimaki (2007, p.362) mentioned that schools in the USA, England and Australia are accountable for the success of all children, ignoring the social contexts the children are in. All politicians try to raise the educational standards of schools in order to help the mass education (Chitty 2004). However, providing education in the lower classes could be damaging to their morals and happiness and may teach them how to despise their present status in life. Thus, education was seen in utilitarian terms in which purposes of educational standards is mainly to prepare children for the working life. It is a social function of schooling that suggests a promotion of a form of education that is already opened to modern ideas and ready to challenge past conventions which tackle issues of equity and social justice. Schools aim to aid in helpin g to build a strictly extensive society where cultural, racial, and religious forms of diversity are observed. This is relevant for accountability in education involves the different social classes within

Chronic Kidney Disease Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chronic Kidney Disease - Term Paper Example For these reasons, chronic kidney disease is considered a disease because it affects the health of an individual. Chronic kidney disease is a chief health concern problem because the prevalence of the disease grows at a yearly rate of 8%, and expends 2% of the worldwide health spending (Là ³pez-Novoa, Martà ­nez-Salgado, Rodrà ­guez-Peà ±a, & Là ³pez-Hernà ¡ndez, 2010). In the United States, about 13% of the populace suffers from this condition. As the prevalence of chronic renal disease rises, health care providers are tasked with the management of the multifaceted medical complications that patients with CKD face. This paper takes a detailed look at the pathophysiology, causes, symptoms and management of chronic kidney disease. The central role of the kidney is to sift nitrogenous wastes from ingested food and metabolic activities, as well as surplus fluids from the blood. The kidneys, therefore, play an important role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The nephron is the elementary working component of the kidney. A normal kidney has about one million nephrons. Each nephron possesses a clump of glomerular capillaries called the glomerulus where the filtration of blood takes place. The nephron also has a lengthy tubule where the filtered fluid is transformed into urine as it is transported into the pelvis (Guyton & Hall, 2006). The renal arteries branch into interlobar arteries and two other arteries and finally into afferent arterioles that supply the glomerulus in the nephron through the glomerular arterioles, which join together to form the efferent arterioles that exit the glomerulus. Urine, which carries the waste products filtered by the kidney is produced in three main phases namely ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys also excrete strange chemicals, drug substances and metabolites produced from hormones. Such substances include urea from the metabolism of amino acids and creatinine

Applying PR theory and concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Applying PR theory and concepts - Essay Example Vodafone is the largest mobile phone operators in the world and NSPCC is one of the leading charity organizations located in UK. The objective of the PR department in Vodafone is to create a positive and favourable image of the company in the customer’s minds. This is especially applicable during times when the company launches a new product or service and communicates the message to the customers. Similarly NSPCC also undertakes different kinds of PR activities for communicating with its stakeholders. PR activities are considered especially important for the company because it is a charitable organization and makes little investments on advertisements. In such a condition, public relations are considered to be the most cost effective and authentic model of communication with stakeholders. The second part of the project mainly focuses on the different theories of public relations describing them elaborately. Moreover the applications of the theories in practice are also highli ghted along with comments about the ways it could be improved in the future. The three main stakeholder groups identified in Vodafone are its investors, consumers and employees. Maintaining proper relationship with stakeholders is considered to be of prime importance as they are the people who could affect the company’s business or who can be affected by it too. Vodafone seeks to communicate its perspectives with them and at the same time gains their feedback too. The feedback received provides information about the judgement about the sustainability priorities for the company’s strategies and also feeds into the appropriate sustainability strategies (Vodafone, 2011). In order to communicate with stakeholders the company undertakes PR activities like conducting conference calls, or meetings with investors on a regular basis. This is done with the aim of understanding

The Use of Computer to Ones Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Use of Computer to Ones Advantage - Essay Example The essay expresses the idea that computers are playing a dominant role in our today’s life. Modern technology has made a lot of jobs easier nowadays. Machines are now used to carry heavy burdens enabling fast constructions of buildings, roads, bridges and the like. These machines improved with the use of computers to manipulate them. The effects of modern technology are not just limited in such burdensome works but have affected travel and communication as well. Transportation has greatly improved from the carts pulled by horses to the manual cars, buses and trains and now, the computer-operated vehicles. This improvement brought ease and comfort in everyday travels that the world has literally become smaller. Another extent that computers have affected is the communication process. A person on the far end of the world is now able to know what is happening on the other end through television, cell phone or computer. Looking around, most people use these technologies not only to be updated with what is happening around the world but also to keep in touch with families, work and entertain themselves. Computers have become an essential part of everyday life that one cannot imagine being able to survive a day without them. Every move of the modern man now seems to be dependent on computers, from the use of alarm clocks to wake him up to the use of cell phones or computers and the internet to accomplish paper works, send and receive money as well as information, hire employees and many others.

Southern Foodways--Introduce a Southern Food Essay

Southern Foodways--Introduce a Southern Food - Essay Example Astoundingly, black-eyed peas do not fall under the category of peas at all. Instead, they fall under an array of beans such as the cowpea and regarded as legumes, that is they comprise edible seeds and pods. The earliest records at the Library of Congress reveal the cultivation of black-eyed peas in China and India that date back to pre-historic times. Furthermore, evidence points out that ancient Greeks and Romans also used to consume them. Similarly, the chronicles of history reveal black-eyed peas to symbolise fortune and luck even during the time of Pharaohs. They advanced that those who consumed black-eyed peas, a cheap and modest meal, demonstrated their humbleness and protected themselves against the wrath of hell, which they viewed to be a consequence of vanity. In addition, records from medieval times suggest the initial domestication of black-eyed peas to have occurred in West Africa. This is supported by evidence of the transportation of black-eyed peas from West Africa t o West Indies by slaves. Later down the road, with the inception of slave trade in America, black-eyed beans reached the low-country areas including Carolinas and Georgia (Kittler, Sucher and Nelms 200). Soon after that, these were planted in Florida and Carolinas, and Texas. However, it was after the American Revolution that the crop took firmer hold in crop plantations. To this day, black-eyed pea ranks amongst the most consumed and popular ingredient in Southern cuisines. In particular, George Washington promoted cultivation of black-eyed peas, because being a legume meant that it offered nitrogen to the soil besides being high in nutrition. Nevertheless, black-eyed peas can only be planted in warm soil, as it is heat-loving crop. Moreover, seeds planted too early decay before germination. Due to their drought resistant nature, they should not be excessively watered. On the bright side, this crop is not much susceptible to pests or diseases. However, black-eyed pea crops should b e regularly rotated or else they become prone to root-knot nematodes. Being an antirogen fixing crop, it has the capacity to thrive for three weeks without nitrogen-based fertilizers after germination. The blossom results in the production of a plethora of nectar and extensive plantations serve as a vital source of honey. Nonetheless, the bloom is a prime attraction for an array of pollinators; thus, insecticides must be applied cautiously to the crop. The chronicles of history are filled with illustrations of countless taboos, superstitions, practices associated with New Year’s Day. The vast majority of cultures believed there to be an affiliation between person’s doings on New Year’s Day and their luck in the subsequent year. Such a tradition of good luck by eating black-eyed peas at Rosh Hashana, which marks the beginning of Jewish New Year, has been found in Talmud, complied during the Babylonian times. It records that Horayot and Abaye instructed Jews to in culcate a habit to see ‘rubiya’ or black-eyed peas on every New Year in hope of good luck. Another corresponding text is dated back to Kritot that advocated the consumption of symbols of good fortune. This Jewish law from the sixteenth century is still adhered to by the Sephardi and Israeli Jews. The arrival of

Music Appreciation (concert report) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music Appreciation (concert report) - Essay Example 3. The composers of the pieces include; Philip Sawyers, Edward Elgar, and Felix Mendelssohn respectively. Philip Sawyer composed this concert in the year 2008. He derives the idea from a poem by A. E. Housman. It acts as a constant life force during the British history which motivates Sawyers’ venture into the field of a musical work. The piece has three movements, which comprise of, the first, second, and third symphony which enable the orchestras to announce the main ideas. The design and art of performing the piece is excellent as it elaborates the meaning intended. The piece is a symphony since it is a musical composition consists of three movements. It attains a sense of unity since several small units lead to development of a theme in the work. The different small units also lead to the development of a sense of a variety since they communicate many ideas. Repetition of small units develops the main theme in the piece. Different tones meant to bring about the same theme manifests contrast in the piece. The texture is homophonic since the movements are in the same rhythm as melody. The notes were musically satisfying due to the harmonized performance of both movements and the rhythm of the piece. The composer harmonizes the melody by developing the music by smaller units. The harmony of the note is Consonant and minor since the breath is least obstructed producing a pleasing effect. The pitch modulates frequently during the performance. Violins, Violas, Cellos, Basses, Flutes, Oboe, English horn, Trumpet, Trombone, and piano is the instruments that the orchestra use to make sound in the piece. The featuring of different instruments in a different section made the presentation dramatic. The combination of both male and female enhance the quality of the voice delivered. This makes the presentation immensely involving and I like it. The composer of this concert is Edward Elgar.

Tourist Attractions and Places of Interest in Poland Essay Example for Free

Tourist Attractions and Places of Interest in Poland Essay Poland is officially the Republic of Poland in Central Europe. We will be briefly going through all the sights that attract tourists. The annual number of visitors to Poland has increased rapidly since 1990. In 2002 there were 14 million visitors in Poland. The major tourist attractions in Poland are the resorts along the Baltic Sea, the Lake District south of the coast, the Karpaty and Sudety mountains, and the country’s numerous national parks and its museums (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2005). Poland’s borders are marked by the Sudety mountains (Sudetes) in the southwest, the Carpathian Mountains (Karpaty) in the southeast, the Odra and Neisse (Nysa) rivers in the west, and the Bug River in the east. On the northeast, the country is bounded by a section of the Baltic Sea – all breath-taking places to visit (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2005). Warsaw, Polands capital since the late 16th century is by far the biggest and fastest developing Polish city. It is visited every year by thousands of tourists from all over the world, especially during the summer. Wroclaw, the capital of Lower Silesia (Dolny Slask) amazes with its volume of Gothic, Baroque and Art Nouveau architecture. Several musical and theatre festivals, as well as its busy nightlife, attract innumerable visitors from all over Poland and abroad (tourism in poland.com). Krakow is probably the most beautiful and fascinating city in Poland. The attraction is not just the splendid architecture and the treasures of art – but also the unique ambience of the former Jewish district and the masterpieces of Polish Art Nouveau. Thanks to an amazing density and variety of bars, pubs, clubs and restaurants, Krakow sparkles with life. Anyway, there is no point in merely talking about its attractions – everyone should see Krakow with their own eyes (staypoland.com). Places to see in Poland include, Zakopane, Polands premier mountain resort, is one of the countrys most popular holiday destinations, both in the winter for skiing, and in the summer, for hiking and camping. Tricity (the Triple City also called the Treble City, in Polish Trà ³jmiasto) is the metropolitan area consisting of the three Polish cities Gdaà ±sk, Gdynia and Sopot. They are situated very close to each other on the coast of the Gdansk Bay on the Baltic Sea, in Eastern Pomerania. Sopot has a great geographical location lying between the beautiful woods of the TriCity Landscape Park, and the numerous sand beaches of the Bay of Gdansk. Sopot is known for its sanitaria and countless artists and tourists, who visit the city especially during summertime. Gdynia is a young, but quickly expanding harbor city situated just at the seashore, offering many tourist attractions as well as splendid shopping opportunities and a lot of entertainment (tourism in poland.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Great Masurian Lakes is an area in northeastern Poland. Masurian Lakeland are known in Polish as land of a thousand lakes. It is the paradise for sailors, hikers, anglers, canoeists and also photographers (tourism in poland.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many national parks in Poland awaiting tourists, these include the Babia Gora National Park, Bialowieza National Park, Biebrza National Park, Bieszczady National Park, Bory Tucholskie National Park, Drawa National Park, Gorce National Park, Gory Stolowe National Park, Kampinos National Park, Karkonosze National Park, Magura National Park, Narew National Park, Ojcow National Park, Pieniny National Park, Roztocze National Park, Slowinski National Park, Swiety Krzyz National Park, Tatra National Park, Wielkopolska National Park, Polesie National Park, The Warta Mouth National Park, Wigry National Park and Wolin National Park (tourism in poland.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With readily available transport facilities and money exchange offices Poland with all its cities, health resorts, tourist resorts, national parks and its history is a very fascinating vacation spot. References Poland. Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® Encyclopedia 2005  © 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Tourism in poland.com. All rights reserved tourisminpoland.com ©. Retrieved from http://www.tourisminpoland.com/ Stay Poland.com All rights reserved StayPoland Sp. z o.o.Retrieved from http://www.staypoland.com/poland-attractions.htm

The Hegemony Of Imperial Rule English Literature Essay

The Hegemony Of Imperial Rule English Literature Essay It shall be prudent to begin by giving a brief definition of what is meant by colonial discourse before looking at the texts. Colonial Discourse the way in which the hegemony of imperial rule is conveyed within the text as a set of values, representations and beliefs that reinforce the ideology. It is a term brought into currency by Edward Said who saw Foucaults notion of a disclosure as valuable for describing that system within which that range of practices termed colonial come into being.  [1]   George Orwells Burmese Days has an array of imperialistic views which are held in opposing views with the main character, Flory, branding it the lie that were here to uplift our poor black brothers rather than rob them. Flory describes imperialism as the lie that were here to uplift our poor black brothers rather than to rob them  [2]   Colonial discourse is key within the novel which as a result raises the question of identity and binary oppositions. None more so than in the case of Flory, in one breathe an honourable english gentleman enjoying the riches his new cultures has to offer and in the next berating the dirty nigger and bathing in the relief of being out of the stink for a time.  [3]   Flory is a contradiction who is torn between his British roots and his love of the Burmese culture, this love is shown via his friendship with Dr Veraswami. Flory is the personification of Gramscis idea of Imperial ideology as he believes that the discourse providing the hegemony is right yet he faces an ideological struggle within himself due to his love of his new culture. It can be argued that due to his steadfast dedication to the British Empire, for whom he works, he is a loyal imperialist and is comfortable using and exploiting the Burmese for his own gain aswell as trying to impose his superior worth and colonise the Burmese. With his desire to do this along with integrating himself into the Burmese way of life he succeeds merely in creating a juxtaposition coupled with binary opposition that ultimately leads to his demise. Heart of darkness Heart of Darkness is part of a colonial discourse in which the African is represented by the European as savage, exotic, cannibal, primitive they did not eat each other before my face page 93 critics such as Chin Achebe in his essay An Image of Africa looked upon Conrads Heart of Darkness as a racist novel. He believed Conrad was using Africa as a prop in order to create a foil for Europe (always viewed through Europeans eyes). Achebe believed that Conrad was making generalizations about Africa, therefore also assuming that Conrad was the character of Marlow in the novel (through Marlows narration). In the novel, Achebe believed Europe came across as well developed, industrialized, and articulate while Africa was uncivilized, underdeveloped, unintelligible and animalistic The term colonial discourse was coined by Edward Syiad, it is the habit of representation as colonial posers represent cultures they encounter through imperialism. The men who work for the Company describe what they do as trade, and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of civilization.Kurtz, on the other hand, is open about the fact that he does not trade but rather takes ivory by force, and he describes his own treatment of the natives with the words suppression and extermination:he does not hide the fact that he rules through violence and intimidation. Kurtz on the other hand shows no remorse whatsoever. He holds the absolute essential view to exterminate all the blacks. He holds the ideology of making the black race extinct. Hes a ruthless ivory trader, and arranges for the dead heads to displayed on poles. The white race use crude violence, and brute force. Very occasionally the natives show resistance, but their left largely helpless against the overpowering military control of the Europeans. They have no authority or voice. The colonists have become corrupted. They are blinded by the notion that this is their sacred duty to uphold the superiority of the colonial empire and white heritage. Through Marlow disapproval, he shows and exposes the Europeans, is equally deameaning, offensive, and undermines their superiority. flabby white devils.. Critiques immoral European behaviour. Transcends such prejudice, shows him to rise above racism. Ridicules benevolent project of civilisation. Uses an ambivalent tone to show the violent colonial enterprise. Kurtz the ultimate satanic, racist. Has the heart of darkness. However if he is showing Africa to be the reason for the deterioration of the European mans morale, it merely becomes a backdrop which eliminates the African as human factor. They have become marginalised. This marginalisation shows further through Kurtz mistress. He is racist towards her, but not so to his white woman. It can be argued that Heart of Darkness participates in an oppression of nonwhites that is much more sinister and much harder to remedy than the open abuses of Kurtz or the Companys men. Africans become for Marlow a mere backdrop, a human screen against which he can play out his philosophical and existential struggles. Their existence and their exoticism enable his self-contemplation. This kind of dehumanization is harder to identify than colonial violence or open racism. While Heart of Darkness offers a powerful condemnation of the hypocritical operations of imperialism, it also presents a set of issues surrounding race that is ultimately troubling. The noble and idealistic Kurtz situated in darkest Africa submits to alcohol, isolation and megalomania and ends up radiating darkness.  [4]   It seems improbable that a rule which now rests on avowedly upon force can endure.  [5]  E.M. Forster Critics have debated whether Conrads novel perpetuated colonialist views of the alleged inferiority of other peoples, or it questioned the entire colonial project, dissenting from colonial discourses.  [6]   In 1975 Chinua Achebe controversially denounced Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness on the grounds that it proved how Conrad was a throughgoing racist.  [7]   Fin de sià ¨cle as Marlow links britains contemporary imperialist drives to the uncivialised.  [8]  

Changes to Religious Conversion

Changes to Religious Conversion How have the ideas of conversion changed over time? Remember to write what conversion is n (this is for me) Conversion has been affected overtime due to many avenues that I will be discussing through this essay. ‘The Conversion of Europe’ is concerned about the conversion of the mass which differs from modern conversions such a Samson Staniforth. I will be illustrating how conversion has changed overtime due to factors such as culture, technology and time which has also changed the meaning of conversion. The conversion of Europe started in the sixth century, ‘A religion which had grown up in the Mediterranian world of the Roman Empire was diffused among the outsiders whom the Romans referred to as the Barbarians’ (this is a quote but I want it to be a sentence imbedded and leave it red please). The conversion of Barbarian Europe had sufficed a much wider change, a change larger than just a change of belief but cultural change, declaring Christianity was just the beginning. The conversion followed with the Roman and Mediterranean way of life, adopting their value, habits and customs. Fletcher illustrated that during the 5th century, Christianity was seen as more than a religion, and it was seen as a way of life hence impacted all aspects such as authority, law, government, economy, as well as social aspects such as art, food and agriculture. The ideas of conversion had been implemented in all parts of living and had also been what governs law unlike religion today which i s perceived as a social personal matter. The Gregorian mission is an example of the conversion process which took part in Kent and other part of eastern England by Pope Gregory I since 601 mentioned by Fletcher. Paulinus, a member of the Gregorian mission who had been sent around by Pope Gregory I to convert people in Northumbria. This was a success as ‘’the royal family had been converted and an archbishopric found at Canter-bury’’, this was illustrates the impact of the Gregorian mission had through preaching Christianity. Modern day conversion narrative such as George Whitfield focuses on a spiritual impact which hones one from evil to a place of grace. Furthermore; Whitfield largely focused on his bad deeds; ‘’I took pleasure in lewd conversion’’ is an example of Whitefield’s sinful past, many who have come across Whitefield’s narrative have assumed that his sins were enhanced to make his conversion seem more dr amatic. There’s a couple of factors which Augustine and the early church conversion. Augustine’s conversion had influenced many modern conversion narratives as he had been a unique experience which had been written in a chronological sense. Pg 17. Hindmash suggested ‘’Augustine’s narrative n the confessions is indebted to the Neoplatonic pattern of the ascent of the soul’’. Augustine’s quest was to achieve union with the God from whom all beauty, truth, and goodness derives, and his crisis of conversion was the crisis of philosopher who could see the nature of the good life in ascetic self-denial and contemplation, but who had not the moral power to achieve it (please can you reword the bit in red its from a book and keep it red please). Augustine’s conversion took place in the early years if 397-8CE, his conversion states his transition from his sinful youth to becoming more virtuous. Quote; ‘I heard a voice from the nearby house chantingrepeating over and over ag ain â€Å"Pick up and read, pick up and read.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, this suggests that Augustine picked up the Bible die to the children chanting and started reading. However, many sceptics may disagree perhaps view this as unrealistic, several people would have investigated out of the window hence why it may be perceived as being exaggerated. Furthermore; many would not assume a child to be one of authority figure hence why the authenticity of Augustine’s conversion is questioned. Conversion in the countryside The ideas of conversion had changed overtime for due to many factors, one of which had been where the conversion of Christianity was taking place. The Bishop’s method of conversion in the Countryside was to target landed elites, who held great influence locally pg 40 ‘’to take firm and if necessary coercive action to make peasantry Christian’’, Fletcher is perhaps indicating that the ideas of conversion had been attain in an oppressive state rather than a choice; this had taken pace in places such as Constantinople, Italy, Africa and many more. Furthermore; it is evident that the ideas of conversion were not only changed overtime but they were different within communities of the same time. The countryside is an example of hierarchical control, although not all bishops had carried out the same approach; Martin, the bishop of Tours is one who had taken matters in his own hands and ‘’choos[e] to take direct and personal actions’†™. Paganism had started to become less common overtime which changed people’s idea of God and created a more spiritual way of converting, this can be seen in the Baptism of Edwin from Bed’s narrative; according to this Edwin felt as though – evidence (the conversion of Europe)- this was seen by Edwin who said which was seen in Bede’s narrative: ‘’be-fore he set out on campaign he promised that if God grant him victory he would renounce the worship of idols and serve Christ’’; due to the success of his campaign he sent his daughter to be baptized. Baptism is a symbol of being reborn as a Christian, it is an important ceremony which conveys a lot of spirituality. Paganism is a reason why Our understanding and interpretation of conversion had changed overtime due to culture and society –evidence Physiological advancement – the meaning of conversion changed overtime there were more imitations of Augustine’s conversion which demonstrated that what it meant to be Christian during the medieval roman times to what it was in the later centuries have changed Sampson Staniforth Evangelical Conversion – Staniforth similarly to Augustine began by describing the pain that sufficed for him before his conversion which was illustrated: ‘but to continue crying and wresting with God, till He had no mercy on me. How long I was in that agony I cannot tell’. Evidently from this, we can perhaps assume from the description that life before conversion had been agonising, this is specifically demonstrated when he mentions; ‘but to continue crying and wresting with God’. Staniforth’s goes on to explain the significance of the conversion to his life as it was a defining moment. The prolonged wait for a sign from God. Hindmash mentions how conversions such as Stantiforth’s have 5 concepts which the story is focussed on: ‘autobiography, narrative, identity, conversion and gospel’. It is evident that modern te ‘p Sixteenth and seventeenth century The ideas of conversion have changed overtime which has been demonstrated through the narrative. Hindmash goes on further to speak about the Catholic’s understanding of conversion according to Puritans Thomas Goodwin and Philip Nye. They believed; ‘’England was ‘half reformed’ and they wanted to see a purer church’’pg 33. An example of the rise of conversion narrative which changed the ideas of conversion overtime is ‘spiritual brotherhood’; ‘’ preached the word of God in the same spirit and felt themselves to be members of a brotherhood’’, they ‘’ became a centre of reforming activity, teaching, and training that eventually sent many of them throughout the rest of England and even to the Netherlands and to the New World’’ (can you please rephrase this so it is not a quote and leave it red please). The puritans were described by Richard Baxter as: ‘’affection ate practical English writers’’; this illustrates the power of narrative and frame it was written in; they ‘’fostered spiritual autobiography in part by their stress upon religious experience’’.

Irony in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- Shirley Jackson The L

Irony in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† is full of irony. Shirley Jackson most likely intended to use this amount of irony to make the over all story funny in its twisted theme. Each layer of irony used, prepared the reader to have the most dramatic reaction to the last and final blow that wrapped the whole story up. I would say the most major and obvious type of irony used here was situational irony. Jackson knew that what most peoples’ impression of the lottery is winning money or something good. She played on that and turned it into something completely opposite. Giving her story kick and uniqueness. However, there was other more minor but essential situational ironies that lead up to the finale. One of these was Tessie Hutchinson. She had the...

All-Kinds-Of-Fur :: essays research papers

Motion Picture Diaries:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This document reading that I chose to write my short paper assignment on is a collection of diary entries from three different young people from three distinctly different backrounds. Yet, this primary source shows that there is one common link between the three of them and that is their love of movies and the early motion pictures that seemed to captivate Americans from every walk of life. All three of these individuals obviously have had their lives impacted by the movie industry to such a level that feel the need to write about it in their diaries where their personal information is shared. But, in order to understand this we must look at our own lives and that pivotal moment when something new and exciting entered our life and we just thought that whatever it was was greater than sliced bread. The only difference is that the people and especially the young adults of this era were experiencing something unlike anyone had ever seen before and as a result it had enormous impacts. Movie stars were born and their first fans appeared in the warm glow of the mid afternoon picture. People of this era worshipped their movie stars. They dressed like them, walked like them, talked like them, started to smoke like they did; all attempts to immitate their favorite star in ultimate hopes of being like them one day. All three of these individuals have their story to tell about how they tried to live out part of a movie they saw in their real lives, whether it was through a passionate kiss or a runaway with a forbidden lover. These stories also make it evident to the reader the kind of impact these motion pictures had on people of many different ages. It was a young girl's fantasy being portrayed on a screen and therefore, she knew without doubt that her dreams would come true just as they had for the woman on screen. Through these writings the reader can see these people attempting to live out these movie fantasies in real life and sometimes with success. These entries are first-hand accounts of the effects of movies on this generation and offers a bit of insight as to why we view movies and movie stars the way we do today. As it turns out, it has always been that way.

Othello Essay

The language of sin is not just Ð ° theologically freighted way of talking about morally bad acts; it points to Ð ° deeper flaw within human life as we experience it, Ð ° perversion of outlook and desire that we may come to recognise but cannot fully evade. Overview According to Ð ° view going back to Aristotle (and probably earlier); someone who acts out of Ð ° mistaken belief about Ð ° relevant matter of fact may not be morally culpable for what would otherwise be Ð ° bad action. For example, Ð ° doctor who administers an antibiotic without realising that his patient is allergic to it is not guilty of murder if the patient subsequently dies, assuming that the mistake in question is Ð ° good-faith error which the doctor could not have avoided (perhaps the patient neglected to give the correct information about allergies when asked to do so). In this kind of situation, ignorance of relevant facts would seem to render the act in question involuntary in Ð ° qualified respect that is to say, precisely considered as an act of murder. (Travitsky 184-96) And since we presuppose that someone is morally responsible only for her freely chosen actions, it follows that in these kinds of cases, the agent cannot be regarded as morally culpable for what is objectively Ð ° bad action. In the tragedy of Othello, many animal references are made by Iago to the people he disrespects. The purpose of Shakespeare depicting Iago as Ð ° character who perceives others as animals is to show his dominance and his representation of mankind, illustrating his superiority over others. The interpretation of Iago signifying mankind reveals another side of him, his bestial nature. (David et. All 1335-38) Discussion Aristotle apparently did not believe that the same line of analysis could be applied to someone who acts out of Ð ° mistaken moral view, and Aquinas and most other scholastic theologians would have agreed, albeit not always on Aristotelian grounds. 2 However, in recent years Ð ° number of moral theologians and some philosophers have argued that moral mistakes do obviate moral guilt that is, someone who acts out of Ð ° sincere but wrong belief that Ð ° given kind of action is morally permissible cannot be regarded as morally culpable for what she does, even if the act in question is in every other respect voluntary. Of course, if this extension of the Aristotelian argument is to be plausible, one would need to add that the mistake in question is not itself the result of prior wrong-doing, and that the agent has taken due care to form his conscience appropriately and to determine what he genuinely owes to himself, to other persons, and (perhaps) to non-human entities or to God. Given these qualifications, however, one might say, for example, that Ð ° doctor who kills her patient in the sincere but (let’s assume) mistaken belief that she is justified in thus ending his suffering is not subjectively guilty of murder. The agent freely commits, and is therefore morally responsible for, Ð ° kind of action that (by hypothesis) meets the objective criteria for murder; yet given that she acts out of Ð ° mistaken belief that the act in question is not morally wrong, she does not commit Ð ° voluntary act of murder, considered precisely as an act of wrongful killing. (Straznicky 104-34) This is at least Ð ° plausible view. It seems harsh to regard someone as morally guilty for an action carried out under the mistaken, yet sincere and conscientious belief that an act of the relevant kind is morally justified particularly when we reflect that none of us can be certain that our own moral beliefs are correct in every respect. What is more, this line of analysis seems to correspond to at least some widespread intuitions. I believe most people in industrialised societies would be prepared to take this line with respect to cases involving widely controversial and difficult issues, as presented, for example, by an act of euthanasia. However, in other kinds of cases, we may well balk at the conclusion that moral ignorance justifies Ð ° particular line of action. Imagine Ð ° doctor who kills her patient because he is an extremely unpleasant old man who is tormenting his family for no good purpose; what is more, he has left Ð ° large sum of money to Ð ° charity which desperately needs it. The doctor sincerely believes that the needs of this man’s relatives and the demands of the common good override her obligations not to kill, and she acts accordingly. (David et. All 1335-38) Analysis In response, it might be said that some moral norms are so obvious that no one could make Ð ° good faith mistake about them; thus, Ð ° mentally competent adult who genuinely does not know that murder is wrong must be guilty of (at least) culpable neglect. This argument fits well with what came to be the dominant scholastic view on ‘ignorance of the law’ with respect to the natural law that is to say, since the fundamental precepts of the natural law are in some sense innate, Ð ° competent adult cannot fail to grasp them unless she is guilty of some kind of prior wrong-doing or negligence. Some contemporary theologians extend this line of analysis as follows: Admittedly, some moral mistakes are ipso facto evidence of prior wrong-doing, negligence, or bad faith. Yet, at least with respect to the difficult and complex questions we face today, genuine, non-culpable moral mistakes are both possible and exculpating. (Travitsky 184-96) This line of analysis, in turn, lends credence to Ð ° widespread view according to which one’s moral status depends exclusively on the orientation of the agent’s will as expressed through her freely chosen actions (considered either singly, or as comprising an overall pattern of behaviour). Straznicky 104-34) On this view, Ð ° mistaken moral judgment, while regrettable, has no moral significance in itself. In the words of John Coons and Patrick Brennan, ‘It is, then, plainly plausible that while humans have Ð ° primary obligation to seek correct treatment of others (and self), their honest pursuit of that ideal effects whatever moral perfection is possible to the individual’. Certainly, it is true that Othello acts as he does out of Ð ° mistaken belief about Desdemona’s infidel ity. But I want to argue that this mistake alone would not account for his act, were it not for other mistaken beliefs he holds, at least one of which clearly concerns Ð ° moral principle. Before moving to that point, however, is it worth spending some time over Othello’s factual mistakes (I believe he makes more than one), seen in the context of what we are shown about his overall character and disposition. Even if we bracket the special difficulties raised by moral mistakes, the moral significance of mistaken beliefs is not as straightforward as we may assume or so Othello’s example would suggest. (Jane et. All 19-47) Othello’s story is Ð ° tragedy, and not just Ð ° very sad story, because it is the story of the destruction of Ð ° noble, deeply admirable man brought about through his own weaknesses, systematically exploited by Ð ° malicious enemy. In order for this story to have the force that it does, Shakespeare must first of all make it clear that Othello really is noble and deeply admirable. This point is sometimes obscured by the vulgar racist slurs directed against him by Iago and at least tacitly accepted by some of the other characters (see, for example, I. 1, 88–89). Yet isn’t this the kind of thing that we would expect Iago to say? Shakespeare takes pains to show that Othello himself does not fit the stereotypes of the lustful, rash and unthinking black man on which Iago trades. On the contrary when we first see him, in the encounter with Brabantio (Desdemona’s father), it is the latter that is rash and unthinking, not to say hysterical, whereas Othello is Ð ° model of self-restraint under extreme provocation (I. 2, beginning at line 58). He defends himself before the Venetian senate in terms of great dignity and candour, and his account of his love for Desdemona makes it clear that he truly does love her, just as her love for him is no girlish infatuation, but an intelligent response to his past sufferings and his noble character (I. , 129ff. ). His subsequent behaviour is that of Ð ° devoted husband who also bears Ð ° public trust, to which he properly gives priority with his wife’s full understanding and consent far from jumping into bed with his new bride, he sails to Cyprus and sees to preliminary arrangements for the defence and governance of the island, apparently before his marriage is ever consummated (I. 3, 260–79, and espec ially 299–300). Even Iago admits that left to him, Othello will most probably make Desdemona Ð ° good, loving husband (II. , 284–85). What is more, Othello is Ð ° seasoned general of many years’ experience, the best military mind available to the Venetians, someone whom they regard as worthy of unrestrained public trust this is no unsophisticated fool, but Ð ° mature, intelligent man at the height of Ð ° vital and demanding profession. And yet, this dignified and loving man is first reduced to Ð ° state of near-dementia, and then brought to Ð ° cool determination to kill his wife, through the machinations of Iago. In watching this process, it is difficult not to get caught up in the sheer fascination of Iago’s deliberate villainy how could anyone be so callous to every human feeling, so cheerfully calculating as he plans the destruction of those around him, so irredeemably evil? Confronted by such Ð ° spectacle, it is easy to overlook the fact that Othello’s transformation from Ð ° loving husband into Ð ° relentless avenger is, in its own way, almost as disturbing. (David et. All 1335-38) How can such Ð ° transformation take place? Of course, Othello is the victim of Ð ° deliberate deception, but that fact alone does not really answer the question, because it is by no means clear how Iago manages to convince Othello of Desdemona’s guilt after all, he has no actual evidence whatever, and not very much in the way of circumstantial evidence. What is more, even granting Othello’s conviction of Desdemona’s guilt, it would not be necessary for him to kill her he could banish her, as she pleads (V. 2, 79), or divorce her and send her back to her family. He might even forgive her and try to retrieve his marriage. (Straznicky 104-34) Thus, Iago’s malicious deception, while troubling in its own right, should not be allowed to obscure the puzzles presented by Othello’s own behaviour. Why is he vulnerable to Iago’s designs in the first place, and why does he react to Desdemona’s adultery (as he believes to be the case) in the way that he does? We must look for the answers to these questions in Othello himself. (David et. All 1335-38) One starting point immediately suggests itself. Why is it so easy for Iago to persuade Othello that his beloved Desdemona has committed adultery with his lieutenant Cassio? Shouldn’t Othello’s love for Desdemona which I believe we should take at face value have inclined him to resist, or even just to ignore, Iago’s insinuations? It might be said that Iago gets away with his plan so easily because Othello is so trusting, as Iago himself suggests as he notes, Othello has ‘Ð ° free and open nature’ and will believe what he is told (I. 3, 396–400). And indeed, once Iago (seemingly) begins to respond to his demands for proof, Othello never doubts him until confronted with unmistakable proof of his treachery. (Travitsky 184-96) Certainly, Othello places Ð ° remarkable degree of trust in Iago but it seems inaccurate to say that he is trusting without qualification. He does not trust Desdemona at all. Admittedly, he catches her in Ð ° lie over the handkerchief he gave her, but had he been so disposed, he could have seen this for what it is the self-protective lie of Ð ° flustered young woman (II. , 45–94). More tellingly, he does not trust Emilia when she insists, repeatedly and strongly, that Desdemona has never betrayed him, even though Emilia (Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s personal attendant) is in Ð ° better position than anyone else to know about her intimate activities (IV. 2, 1–24). It begins to look as if Othello is prepared to trust some, but not others in particular, he trusts men but he does not trust women. This suspicion is confirmed by his remarks about women, remarks which we know to reflect general Elizabethan attitudes that women are naturally lustful, cannot be relied upon to maintain chastity without continual supervision, and are sly and deceitful to boot (III. 3, 264–80). Various comments, together with the whole tenor of his behaviour towards Iago, suggest very different beliefs about at least some classes of men, namely frank, hearty types such as Iago, whom he regards as honest and worthy of trust (III. 3, 124, and especially 245).

Citizen Kane Shot Composition

Pick 2 out of the 3 images and analyse in depth how their make-up affects the storytelling of Orson Welles Citizen Kane. Word Count scoopful 600 talking to. In this long shot we tick off Kanes mother in the foreground is sigining the docuwork forcets for Kane to be taken by the banker. Kane however is in the background acting with the reversal. It shows the innocence in Kane who is play happily in the snow and unaware of what is happening to his future. The mother is the iodin signing the docuwork forcets which demostrates scant(p) love for her peasant over herself which in course leads kane to pray love more than anything in his after life.The light source in the scene where Kane is playing happily in the snow likewise is unattackable with little cast shadows, this shows the virtue of his character. The use of the window to frame little Kane places the emphasis on him and shows how the signing of the documents provide throw away a crucial squeeze on Kane. The framin g in any case creates short letter between the joyful mood of kane playing outside with the serious discussions in the house. The men are in a vestige path, silouette of the man talking in figurehead is seen. This shot uses only back tinder as the sole source of lighting to create a mysterious and faithful mood.The dark room signifys that the men have many questions on their mind or so Charles Foster Kane and his last words, hence organism left in the dark. The set-up also establishes the stage for the rest of the story. None of the men are actually in the focalisation in this shot, it shows that neither of them are of adequate to(predicate) significance in the story. The way the room is lid also expresses the filmmakers views about members of the media. The strong light and shadow contrast shows the characters approximately shady intentions for uncovering the last words of kane.

The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 18. INSTRUCTION

THAT HAD TO BE THE s evening-day PARTY IN THE HISTORY of the world, I complained on the bureau home.Edward didnt hangm to dis suss bulge off. Its of entirely metreywhere now, he utter, rubbing my arm soothingly.Because I was the exclusively ace who deficiencyed soothing. Edward was ok now exclusively(prenominal) the Cullens were fine.Theyd except lull me Alice ambit up to pat my designate as I left over(p)(a), eyeing Jasper toy withing amply until a flood of peace swirled around me, Esme cuddling my fore clearance and promising me e verything was all aright, Emmett express lookingings boisterously and filming why I was the precisely nonp aril who was al lowed to budge with werewolves. . . . Jacobs etymon had them all relaxed, al most euphoric afterward the need equal to(p) weeks of stress. Doubt had been re named with confidence. The party had terminate on a n unrivaled of legitimate celebration.Not for me.Bad plenteous alarming that th e Cullens would postulate for me. It was al interprety oerly lots that I would specify gobble up to allow that. It already mat resembling such(prenominal) than than I could bear.Not Jacob, ilkwise. Not his foolish, eager br diametricals most of them even younger than I was. They were estimable all e rattlingwheresized, over-muscled children, and they reck one(a)d antecedent to this manage it was picnic on the b all(prenominal). I could non be pass them in peril, too. My nerves matte up frayed and exposed. I didnt write expose how much day enormous I could proportionalityrain the urge to scream unwrap loud.I whispered now, to keep my translator under control. Youre victorious me with you tonight.Bella, youre worn mea for surement to the fore.You destine I could sleep?He frowned. This is an experiment. Im non sealed if it allow for be workable for us all to . . . cooperate. I dont neediness you in the middle of that.As if that didnt germinate a leak me all the to a greater extent vehement to go. If you wont take me, then Ill shout out Jacob.His eyeball tightened. That was a low blow, and I k vernal it. readly thither was no itinerary I was be left laughingstock.He didnt answer we were at Charlies house now. The bird-sc arr trip was on. charm you upstairs, I muttered.I tiptoed in the front door. Charlie was asleep in the living room, large the too- infinitesimal sofa, and snoring so loudly I could commit ripped a chainsaw to life- m and it wouldnt have wakened him.I shook his lift vigorously.Dad CharlieHe g rumbled, expression pipe guttle un comparableable.Im home now youre termination to bear your sustain sleeping exchangeable that. Cmon, clock time to move.It took a few more shakes, and his eyes never did open all the modal value, on the simplyton I managed to get him quarter cellular phoneed the couch. I helped him up to his bed, where he collapsed on top of the covers, estimabley dr essed, and started snoring again.He wasnt yieldout to be look for me anytime soon.Edward waited in my room period I washed my typesetters case and changed into jeans and a flannel shirt. He dupeed me unhappily from the rocking chairman as I hung the outfit Alice had inc delimitd me in my resolvet.Come here, I verbalise, taking his afford and puff him to my bed.I pushed him polish on the bed and then curling up against his tit. per incident he was right and I was tired tolerable to sleep. I wasnt way out to let him sneak complete without me.He tucked my quilt in around me, and then held me virtually. delight relax.Sure.This is dismission to work, Bella. I hindquarters get encumber it.My odontiasis locked together.He was still radiating relief. nil honest now me c atomic number 18d if Jacob and his friends got hurt. Not even Jacob and his friends. specially not them.He could regularise I was fairish approximately to lose it. Listen to me, Bella. This is going to be mild. The newborns depart be tout ensemble taken by surprise. Theyll have no more root word that werewolves even endure than you did. Ive pass a stylus earn how they act in a group, the way Jasper remembers. I truly accept that the wolves lookup techniques go out-of-door work flawlessly against them. And with them divided and eluded, at that ad average wont be complete for the recline of us to do. Someone may have to sit out, he teased.Piece of cake, I mumbled touch sensationlessly against his chest.Shhh, he stroked my cheek. Youll meet. Dont worry now.He started humming my lullaby, however, for erst, it didnt calm me.People well, vampires and werewolves really, simply when still people I love were going to get hurt. Hurt because of me. Again. I wished my bad luck would steering a fractional-size more c atomic number 18fully. I felt wantyelling up at the empty cast a view Its me you motive over here meet meI tried to return of a wa y that I could do merely that force my bad luck to focus on me. It wouldnt be easy. I would have to wait, bide my time. . . .I did not evanesce asleep. The minutes passed quickly, to my surprise, and I was still full of life and tense when Edward pulled us two up into a sitting position.Are you sure you dont want to stick and sleep?I gave him a sour look.He sighed, and scooped me up in his blazon in get along with he jumped from my window.He raced through and through the inkiness, quiet woodwind instrument with me on his sand, and even in his be active I could feel the elation. He ran the way he did when it was well(p) us, sightly for enjoyment, sound for the feel of the wind in his hair. It was the sweet of thing that, during less anxious times, would have do me happy.When we got to the big open field, his family was at that manoeuvre, talk of the town casually, relaxed. Emmetts booming laugh echoed through the across-the-board space now and then. Edward set m e knock off and we walked hand in hand toward them.It took me a minute, because it was so no- healthy with the moon enigmatical derriere the clouds, only I know that we were in the baseball alter. It was the homogeneous place where, more than a year ago, that depression gear lighthearted evening with the Cullens had been interrupted by James and his coven. It felt impertinent to be here again as if this collect wouldnt be complete until James and Laurent and capital of Seychelles joined us. precisely James and Laurent were never coming nates. That pattern wouldnt be repeated. Maybe all the patterns were skintn.Yes, person had broken out of their pattern. Was it possible that the Volturi were the flexible ones in this comparability?I doubted it.capital of Seychelles had endlessly lookmed like a force of nature to me like a hurricane moving toward the coast in a straight absent line unavoidable, implacable, only when predictable. Maybe it was wrong to limit her that way. She had to be capable of adaptation.You know what I say? I asked Edward.He laughed. No.I more or less smiled.What do you think?I think its all connected. Not retributory the devil, but all three.Youve lost me. third bad things have happened since you came spinal column. I ticked them remove on my fingers. The newborns in Seattle. The stranger in my room. And rootage of all Victoria came to look for me.His eyes narrowed as he feeling about it. Why do you think so?Because I agree with Jasper the Volturi love their rules. They would probably do a better job anyway. And Id be inanimate if they wanted me dead, I added mentally. Remember when you were introduce Victoria defy year?Yes. He frowned. I wasnt real hot at it.Alice said you were in Texas. Did you follow her there?His eyebrows pulled together. Yes. Hmm . . .See she could have gotten the idea there. only if she doesnt know what shes doing, so the newborns ar all out of control.He started frisson his interrogative sentence. unless Aro knows exactly how Alices visions work.Aro would know best, but wouldnt Tanya and Irina and the rest of your friends in Denali know enough? Laurent lived with them for so long. And if he was still friendly enough with Victoria to be doing favors for her, why wouldnt he too tell her everything he knew?Edward frowned. It wasnt Victoria in your room.She cant make new friends? ideate about it, Edward. If it is Victoria doing this in Seattle, shes made a lot of new friends. Shes created them.He considered it, his forehead creased in concentration.Hmm, he in the end said. Its possible. I still think the Volturi be most likely . . . But your guess theres something there. Victorias personality. Your theory suits her personality perfectly. Shes shown a remarkable gift for self-preservation from the start per break its a talent of hers. In any case, this magic spell would put her in no danger at all from us, if she sits nearly behind and lets t he newborns wreak their havoc here. And maybe little danger from the Volturi, any. Perhaps shes figuring on us to win, in the end, though for certain not without heavy casualties of our own. But no survivors from her little army to bear check out to it against her. In fact, he continued, thinking it through, if there were survivors, Id bet shed be planning to obliterate them herself. . . . Hmm. Still, shed have to have at least(prenominal) one friend who was a sec more mature. No fresh-made newborn left your father alive. . . .He frowned into space for a long moment, and then of a sudden smiled at me, coming back from his reverie. Definitely possible. Regardless, weve got to be prepared for anything until we know for sure. Youre very perceptive today, he added. Its impressive.I sighed. Maybe Im unde collected reacting to this place. It makes me feel like shes close by . . . like she sees me now.His jaw muscles strain at the idea. Shell never touch you, Bella, he said.In sp ite of his words, his eyes swept carefully across the dark trees. While he searched their shadows, the strangest expression crossed his baptistry. His lips pulled back over his odontiasising and his eyes shone with an odd light a wild, fierce kind of hope.Yet, what I wouldnt give to have her that close, he murmured. Victoria, and anyone else whos ever thought of hurting you. To have the chance to end this myself. To finish it with my own manpower this time.I shuddered at the ferocious proclivity in his role, and clenched his fingers more tightly with mine, wishing I was sozzled enough to lock our hands together permanently.We were approximately to his family, and I find for the first time that Alice did not look as approving as the new(prenominal)s. She stood a little aside, honoring Jasper stretching his arms as if he were rawing up to exercise, her lips pushed out in a pout.Is something wrong with Alice? I whispered.Edward chuckled, himself again. The werewolves are on their way, so she cant see anything that get out happen now. It makes her uncomfortable to be blind.Alice, though the farthest from us, perceive his low articulatio. She looked up and stuck her tongue out at him. He laughed again.Hey, Edward, Emmett greeted him. Hey, Bella. Is he going to let you practice, too?Edward groaned at his brother. Please, Emmett, dont give her any ideas.When leave behind our guests arrive? Carlisle asked Edward.Edward concentrated for a moment, and then sighed. A minute and a half(prenominal). But Im going to have to trans posthumous. They dont trust us enough to use their human forms.Carlisle nodded. This is arduous for them. Im grateful theyre coming at all.I stared at Edward, my eyes stretched wide. Theyre coming as wolves?He nodded, cautious of my reaction. I swallowed once, retentivity the two times Id seen Jacob in his skirt chaser form the first time in the meadow with Laurent, the min time on the forest lane where Paul had gotten hu ffy at me. . . . They were both memories of terror.A strange gleam came into Edwards eyes, as though something had scarce occurred to him, something that was not altogether unpleasant. He dour out(predicate) quickly, before I could see any more, back to Carlisle and the others.Prepare yourselves theyve been retentiveness out on us.What do you mean? Alice demanded.Shh, he cautioned, and stared past her into the darkness.The Cullens informal great deal suddenly widened out into a swooning line with Jasper and Emmett at the spear decimal point. From the way Edward leaned forward next to me, I could tell that he wished he was standing beside them. I tightened my hand around his.I squinted toward the forest, perceive nothing.Damn, Emmett muttered under his breath. Did you ever see anything like it?Esme and Rosalie exchanged a wide-eyed glance.What is it? I whispered as gently as I could. I cant see.The pack has grown, Edward murmured into my ear.Hadnt I told him that Quil had j oined the pack? I agonistical to see the six wolves in the gloom. Finally, something glittered in the blackness their eyes, higher up than they should be. Id disregarded how very tall the wolves were. Like horses, only thick with muscle and fur and teeth like knives, impossible to overlook.I could only see the eyes. And as I scanned, distortion to see more, it occurred to me that there were more than six agrees facing us. One, two, three . . . I counted the pairs fleetly in my head. Twice. in that respect were ten of them.Fascinating, Edward murmured virtually mutely.Carlisle took a slow, deliberate grade forward. It was a careful movement, designed to reassure.Wel puzzle, he greeted the infrared wolves.Thank you, Edward responded in a strange, categoric tone, and I agnise at once that the words came from surface-to-air missile. I looked to the eyes glitter in the center of the line, the highest up, the tallest of them all. It was impossible to interrupt the shape of the big black barbarian from the darkness.Edward spoke again in the same detached region, speaking surface-to-air missiles words. We will watch and listen, but no more. That is the most we can ask of our self-control.That is more than enough, Carlisle answered. My son Jasper he gestured to where Jasper stood, tensed and ready has experience in this area. He will t all(prenominal) us how they vex, how they are to be defeated. Im sure you can apply this to your own hunting style.They are different from you? Edward asked for Sam.Carlisle nodded. They are all very new only months old to this life. Children, in a way. They will have no skill or strategy, only tool strength. Tonight their meter stand at twenty. Ten for us, ten for you it shouldnt be difficult. The numbers may go down. The new ones fight amongst themselves.A rumble passed down the outraged line of wolves, a low rumbling mutter that somehow managed to sound enthusiastic.We are willing to take more than our share , if necessary, Edward translated, his tone less indifferent now.Carlisle smiled. Well see how it plays out.Do you know when and how theyll arrive?Theyll tote up across the mountains in four days, in the late morning. As they approach, Alice will help us intercept their path.Thank you for the information. We will watch.With a sighing sound, the eyes sank closer to the ground one set at a time.It was silent for two heartbeats, and then Jasper took a step into the empty space surrounded by the vampires and the wolves. It wasnt nasty for me to see him his skin was as talented against the darkness as the wolves eyes. Jasper threw a cautious glance toward Edward, who nodded, and then Jasper sullen his back to the werewolves. He sighed, clear uncomfortable.Carlisles right. Jasper spoke only to us he seemed to be trying to ignore the audience behind him. Theyll fight like children. The two most all-important(a) things youll need to remember are, first, dont let them get their ar ms around you and, number, dont go for the provable kill. Thats all theyll be prepared for. As long as you come at them from the side and keep moving, theyll be too confused to respond effectively. Emmett?Emmett stepped out of the line with a massive smile.Jasper backed toward the sexual union end of the opening between the ally enemies. He waved Emmett forward.Okay, Emmett first. Hes the best example of a newborn attack.Emmetts eyes narrowed. Ill try not to break anything, he muttered.Jasper grinned. What I meant is that Emmett relies on his strength. Hes very straightforward about the attack. The newborns wont be trying anything subtle, either. Just go for the easy kill, Emmett.Jasper backed up a few more paces, his body tensing.Okay, Emmett try to invite me.And I couldnt see Jasper anymore he was a blur as Emmett supercharged him like a bear, grinning art object he snarled. Emmett was impossibly quick, too, but not like Jasper. It looked like Jasper had no more substanc e than a ghost any time it seemed Emmetts big hands had him for sure, Emmetts fingers clenched around nothing but the air. Beside me, Edward leaned forward intently, his eyes locked on the brawl. then Emmett froze.Jasper had him from behind, his teeth an inch from his throat.Emmett cussed.There was a muttered rumble of appreciation from the watching wolves.Again, Emmett insisted, his smile gone.Its my turn, Edward pro tribulationed. My fingers tensed around his.In a minute. Jasper grinned, stepping back. I want to show Bella something first.I watched with anxious eyes as he waved Alice forward.I know you worry about her, he explained to me as she danced b sveltely into the ring. I want to show you why thats not necessary.though I knew that Jasper would never allow any harm to come to Alice, it was still knotty-fought to watch as he sank back into a crouch facing her. Alice stood motionlessly, sounding tiny as a snort after Emmett, smiling to herself. Jasper shifted forward, t hen slinked to her left.Alice closed her eyes.My heart thumped unevenly as Jasper pedunculate toward where Alice stood.Jasper sprang, disappearing. Suddenly he was on the other side of Alice. She didnt appear to have moved.Jasper revolve and launched himself at her again, only to land in a crouch behind her like the first time all the while Alice stood smiling with her eyes closed.I watched Alice more carefully now.She was moving Id just been absentminded it, distracted by Jaspers attacks. She took a small step forward at the exact second that Jaspers body flew through the slur where shed just been standing. She took some other step, while Jaspers jealous hands whistled past where her waist had been.Jasper closed in, and Alice began to move faster. She was dancing spiraling and go and curling in on herself. Jasper was her partner, lunging, reaching through her graceful patterns, never touch modality her, like every movement was choreographed. Finally, Alice laughed. disclo se of nowhere she was perched on Jaspers back, her lips at his neck.Gotcha, she said, and kissed his throat.Jasper chuckled, shaking his head. You truly are one terrorization little monster.The wolves muttered again. This time the sound was wary.Its good for them to learn some respect, Edward murmured, amused. Then he spoke louder. My turn.He squeezed my hand before he let it go.Alice came to take his place beside me. Cool, huh? she asked me smugly.Very, I agreed, not looking out from Edward as he glided noiselessly toward Jasper, his movements lithe and watchful as a jungle cat.Ive got my eye on you, Bella, she whispered suddenly, her voice pitched so low that I could barely hear, though her lips were at my ear. My stare flickered to her face and then back to Edward. He was intent on Jasper, both of them feinting as he closed the distance.Alices expression was full of reproach.Ill warn him if your plans get any more defined, she threatened in the same low murmur. It doesnt help anything for you to put yourself in danger. Do you think either of them would give up if you died? Theyd still fight, we all would. You cant change anything, so just be good, okay?I grimaced, trying to ignore her.Im watching, she repeated.Edward had closed on Jasper now, and this fight was more even than either of the others. Jasper had the century of experience to guide him, and he tried to go on disposition alone as much as he could, but his thoughts always gave him away a fraction of a second before he acted. Edward was jolly faster, but the moves Jasper used were unfamiliar to him. They came at each other again and again, neither one able to gain the advantage, instinctive snarls erupting constantly. It was hard to watch, but harder to look away. They moved too fast for me to really understand what they were doing. like a shot and then the sharp eyes of the wolves would collar my attention. I had a feeling the wolves were acquiring more out of this than I was maybe more tha n they should.Eventually, Carlisle cleared his throat.Jasper laughed, and took a step back. Edward straightened up and grinned at him.Back to work, Jasper consented. Well call it a draw.Everyone took turns, Carlisle, then Rosalie, Esme, and Emmett again. I squinted through my lashes, cringing as Jasper attacked Esme. That one was the hardest to watch. Then he slowed down, still not kind of an enough for me to understand his motions, and gave more instruction.You see what Im doing here? he would ask. Yes, just like that, he encouraged. Concentrate on the sides. Dont immobilise where their target will be. Keep moving.Edward was always focused, watching and also listening to what others couldnt see.It got more difficult to follow as my eyes got heavier. I hadnt been sleeping well lately, anyway, and it was approach shot a solid twenty-four hours since the last time Id slept. I leaned against Edwards side, and let my eyelids droop.Were about finished, he whispered.Jasper confirmed t hat, move toward the wolves for the first time, his expression uncomfortable again. Well be doing this tomorrow. Please feel welcome to observe again.Yes, Edward answered in Sams cool voice. Well be here.Then Edward sighed, patted my arm, and stepped away from me. He turned to his family.The pack thinks it would be helpful to be familiar with each of our flavors so they dont make mistakes later. If we could hold very still, it will make it easier for them.Certainly, Carlisle said to Sam. any(prenominal) you need.There was a gloomy, throaty grumble from the wolf pack as they all rose to their feet.My eyes were wide again, debilitation forgotten.The occult black of the night was just beginning to fade the sun brightening the clouds, though it hadnt cleared the horizon yet, far away on the other side of the mountains. As they approached, it was suddenly possible to make out shapes . . . colors.Sam was in the lead, of course. Unbelievably huge, black as midnight, a monster straigh t out of my nightmares literally after the first time Id seen Sam and the others in the meadow, theyd have in my bad dreams more than once. now that I could see them all, match the sizeableness with each pair of eyes, it looked like more than ten. The pack was overwhelming.Out of the tree of my eye, I saw that Edward was watching me, carefully evaluating my reaction.Sam approached Carlisle where he stood in the front, the huge pack right on his tail. Jasper stiffened, but Emmett, on the other side of Carlisle, was grinning and relaxed.Sam sniffed at Carlisle, seeming to wince slightly as he did. Then he moved on to Jasper.My eyes ran down the wary conjure up of wolves. I was sure I could pick out a few of the new additions. There was a light gray wolf that was much smaller than the others, the hackles on the back of his neck raised in distaste. There was another, the color of desert sand, who seemed gangly and unorganized beside the rest. A low whine broke through the sandy wo lfs control when Sams advance left him isolated between Carlisle and Jasper.I halt at the wolf just behind Sam. His fur was reddish-brown and longer than the others, shaggy in comparison. He was almost as tall as Sam, the second largest in the group. His stance was casual, somehow exuding emotionlessness over what the rest obviously considered an ordeal.The terrific russet-colored wolf seemed to feel my gaze, and he looked up at me with familiar black eyes.I stared back at him, trying to believe what I already knew. I could feel the wonder and fascination on my face.The wolfs laugh fell open, pulling back over his teeth. It would have been a frightening expression, only that his tongue lolled out the side in a wolfy grin.I giggled.Jacobs grin widened over his sharp teeth. He left his place in line, ignoring the eyes of his pack as they followed him. He trotted past Edward and Alice to stand not two feet away from me. He stopped there, his gaze flickering briefly toward Edward.E dward stood motionless, a statue, his eyes still assessing my reaction.Jacob crouched down on his front legs and dropped his head so that his face was no higher than mine, agaze at me, measuring my response just as much as Edward was.Jacob? I breathed.The reply rumble deep in his chest sounded like a chuckle.I reached my hand out, my fingers trembling slightly, and affected the red-brown fur on the side of his face.The black eyes closed, and Jacob leaned his huge head into my hand. A thrumming hum resonated in this throat.The fur was both soft and rough, and warm against my skin. I ran my fingers through it curiously, learning the texture, throw his neck where the color deepened. I hadnt realized how close Id gotten without warning, Jacob suddenly licked my face from chin to hairline.Ew Gross, Jake I complained, spring back and smacking at him, just as I would have if he were human. He dodged out of the way, and the coughing mouth that came through his teeth was obviously laugh ter.I wiped my face on the sleeve of my shirt, unable to keep from laughing with him.It was at that point that I realized that everyone was watching us, the Cullens and the werewolves the Cullens with puzzle and somewhat disgusted expressions. It was hard to read the wolves faces. I thought Sam looked unhappy.And then there was Edward, on shore and clearly disappointed. I realized hed been hoping for a different reaction from me. Like screaming and rail away in terror.Jacob made the laughing sound again.The other wolves were backing away now, not taking their eyes off the Cullens as they departed. Jacob stood by my side, watching them go. Soon, they disappeared into the dirty forest. Only two hesitated by the trees, watching Jacob, their postures radiating anxiety.Edward sighed, and ignoring Jacob came to stand on my other side, taking my hand.Ready to go? he asked me.Before I could answer, he was staring over me at Jacob.Ive not quite figured out all the expand yet, he sai d, answering a read/write head in Jacobs thoughts.The Jacob-wolf grumbled sullenly.Its more heterogeneous than that, Edward said. Dont denote yourself Ill make sure its safe.What are you talk of the town about? I demanded.Just discussing strategy, Edward said.Jacobs head swiveled back and forth, looking at our faces. Then, suddenly, he bolted for the forest. As he darted away, I noticed for the first time a lusty of folded black fabric secured to his back leg.Wait, I called, one hand stretching out automatically to reach after him. But he disappeared into the trees in seconds, the other two wolves following.Why did he go out? I asked, hurt.Hes coming back, Edward said. He sighed. He wants to be able to talk for himself.I watched the edge of the forest where Jacob had vanished, leaning into Edwards side again. I was on the point of collapse, but I was fighting it.Jacob loped back into view, on two legs this time. His broad chest was bare, his hair tortuous and shaggy. He wore only a pair of black sweat pants, his feet bare to the stone-cold ground. He was alone now, but I suspected that his friends lingered in the trees, invisible.It didnt take him long to cross the field, though he gave a wide berth to the Cullens, who stood talking softly in a loose circle.Okay, bloodsucker, Jacob said when he was a few feet from us, apparently continuing the conversation Id missed. Whats so complicated about it?I have to consider every possibility, Edward said, unruffled. What if someone gets by you?Jacob snorted at that idea. Okay, so leave her on the reservation. Were reservation Collin and Brady stay behind anyway. Shell be safe there.I scowled. Are you talking about me?I just want to know what he plans to do with you during the fight, Jacob explained.Do with me?You cant stay in Forks, Bella. Edwards voice was pacifying. They know where to look for you there. What if someone slipped by us?My live on dropped and the blood drained from my face. Charlie? I gasped .Hell be with Billy, Jacob assured me quickly. If my dad has to commit a murder to get him there, hell do it. in all probability it wont take that much. Its this Saturday, right? Theres a game.This Saturday? I asked, my head spinning. I was too punch-drunk to control my wildly random thoughts. I frowned at Edward. Well, crap There goes your commencement exercise present.Edward laughed. Its the thought that counts, he reminded me. You can give the tickets to someone else.Inspiration came fleetly. Angela and Ben, I unconquerable at once. At least that will get them out of town.He touched my cheek. You cant evacuate everyone, he said in a gentle voice. Hiding you is just a precaution. I told you well have no problem now. There wont be enough of them to keep us entertained.But what about keeping her in La compact? Jacob interjected, impatient.Shes been back and forth too much, Edward said. Shes left trails all over the place. Alice only sees very young vampires coming on the hunt , but obviously someone created them. There is someone more experienced behind this. Whoever he Edward paused to look at me or she is, this could all be a distraction. Alice will see if he decides to look himself, but we could be very busy at the time that decision is made. Maybe someone is counting on that. I cant leave her someplace shes been frequently. She has to be hard to find, just in case. Its a very long shot, but Im not taking chances.I stared at Edward as he explained, my forehead creasing. He patted my arm.Just being overcautious, he promised.Jacob gestured to the deep forest east of us, to the vast field of the Olympic Mountains.So hide her here, he suggested. Theres a million possibilities places either one of us could be in just a few minutes if theres a need.Edward shook his head. Her nose is too strong and, combined with mine, especially distinct. Even if I carried her, it would leave a trail. Our trace is all over the range, but in articulation with Bellas scent, it would catch their attention. Were not sure exactly which path theyll take, because they dont know yet. If they crossed her scent before they found us . . . some(prenominal) of them grimaced at the same time, their eyebrows pulling together.You see the difficulties.There has to be a way to make it work, Jacob muttered. He glared toward the forest, pursing his lips.I swayed on my feet. Edward put his arm around my waist, pulling me closer and supporting my weight.I need to get you home youre exhausted. And Charlie will be waking up soon. . . .Wait a sec, Jacob said, wheeling back to us, his eyes bright. My scent disgusts you, right?Hmm, not bad. Edward was two travel ahead. Its possible. He turned toward his family. Jasper? he called.Jasper looked up curiously. He walked over with Alice a half step behind. Her face was frustrated again.Okay, Jacob. Edward nodded at him.Jacob turned toward me with a strange categorization of emotion on his face. He was clearly excited by w hatever this new plan of his was, but he was also still uneasy so close to his enemy allies. And then it was my turn to be wary as he held his arms out toward me.Edward took a deep breath.Were going to see if I can confuse the scent enough to hide your trail, Jacob explained.I stared at his open arms suspiciously.Youre going to have to let him carry you, Bella, Edward told me. His voice was calm, but I could hear the diffuse distaste.I frowned.Jacob rolled his eyes, impatient, and reached down to flick me up into his arms.Dont be such a baby, he muttered.But his eyes flickered to Edward, just like mine did. Edwards face was composed and smooth. He spoke to Jasper.Bellas scent is so much more potent to me I thought it would be a fairer test if someone else tried.Jacob turned away from them and paced swiftly into the woods. I didnt say anything as the dark closed around us. I was pouting, uncomfortable in Jacobs arms. It felt too signify to me surely he didnt need to hold me quit e so tightly and I couldnt help but wonder what it felt like to him. It reminded me of my last afternoon in La Push, and I didnt want to think about that. I folded my arms, annoyed when the brace on my hand intensified the memory.We didnt go far he made a wide arc and came back into the clearing from a different direction, maybe half a football field away from our original departure point. Edward was there alone and Jacob headed toward him.You can put me down now.I dont want to take a chance of messing up the experiment. His walk slowed and his arms tightened.You are so annoying, I muttered.Thanks.Out of nowhere, Jasper and Alice stood beside Edward. Jacob took one more step, and then set me down a half dozen feet from Edward. Without looking back at Jacob, I walked to Edwards side and took his hand.Well? I asked.As long as you dont touch anything, Bella, I cant deem someone sticking their nose close enough to that trail to catch your scent, Jasper said, grimacing. It was almost c ompletely obscured.A definite success, Alice agreed, wrinkling her nose.And it gave me an idea.Which will work, Alice added confidently.Clever, Edward agreed.How do you stand that? Jacob muttered to me.Edward ignored Jacob and looked at me while he explained. Were well, youre going to leave a false trail to the clearing, Bella. The newborns are hunting, your scent will excite them, and theyll come exactly the way we want them to without being careful about it. Alice can already see that this will work. When they catch our scent, theyll differentiate up and try to come at us from two sides. Half will go through the forest, where her vision suddenly disappears. . . .Yes Jacob hissed.Edward smiled at him, a smile of rightful(a) comradeship.I felt sick. How could they be so eager for this? How could I stand having both of them in danger? I couldnt.I wouldnt.Not a chance, Edward said suddenly, his voice disgusted. It made me jump, worrying that hed somehow heard my resolve, but his e yes were on Jasper.I know, I know, Jasper said quickly. I didnt even consider it, not really.Alice stepped on his foot.If Bella was truly there in the clearing, Jasper explained to her, it would drive them insane. They wouldnt be able to concentrate on anything but her. It would make picking them off truly easy. . . .Edwards glare had Jasper backtracking.Of course its too unreliable for her. It was just an errant thought, he said quickly. But he looked at me from the corner of his eyes, and the look was wistful.No, Edward said. His voice rang with finality.Youre right, Jasper said. He took Alices hand and started back to the others. Best two out of three?I heard him ask her as they went to practice again.Jacob stared after him in disgust.Jasper looks at things from a military perspective, Edward quietly defended his brother. He looks at all the options its thoroughness, not callousness.Jacob snorted.Hed edged closer unconsciously, drawn by his absorption in the planning. He stood only three feet from Edward now, and, standing there between them, I could feel the physical tautness in the air. It was like static, an uncomfortable charge.Edward got back to business. Ill bring her here Friday afternoon to lay the false trail. You can meet us afterward, and carry her to a place I know. Completely out of the way, and easily defensible, not that it will come to that. Ill take another route there.And then what? Leave her with a cell phone? Jacob asked critically.You have a better idea?Jacob was suddenly smug. Actually, I do.Oh. . . . Again, dog, not bad at all.Jacob turned to me quickly, as if determined to play the good bozo by keeping me in the conversation. We tried to talk Seth into staying behind with the younger two. Hes still too young, but hes stubborn and hes resisting. So I thought of a new assignment for him cell phone.I tried to look like I got it. No one was fooled.As long as Seth Clearwater is in his wolf form, hell be connected to the pack, Edward said. standoffishness isnt a problem? he added, turning to Jacob.Nope.Three hundred miles? Edward asked. Thats impressive.Jacob was the good guy again. Thats the farthest weve ever gone to experiment, he told me. Still clear as a bell.I nodded absently I was reeling from the idea that little Seth Clearwater was already a werewolf, too, and that made it difficult to concentrate. I could see his bright smile, so much like a younger Jacob, in my head he couldnt be more than fifteen, if he was that. His enthusiasm at the council meeting bonfire suddenly took on new meaning. . . .Its a good idea. Edward seemed reluctant to admit this. Ill feel better with Seth there, even without the instant(prenominal) communication. I dont know if Id be able to leave Bella there alone. To think its come to this, though Trusting werewolvesFightingwith vampires instead of against them Jacob mirror Edwards tone of disgust.Well, you still get to fight against some of them, Edward said.Jacob smiled. Tha ts the reason were here.