Essay on the Metamorphosis in Pride and Prejudice -- Pride and Prejudi

Metamorphosis in feel and Prejudice As the story develops in Jane Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice, the reader is witness to a shift in attitude between the principle characters. The chapter in which Elizabeth Bennetts reactions to Mr. Darcys letter are explored provides valuable insights into this metamorphosis. The first verbal description of Elizabeths state upon perusing Fitzwilliam Darcys revelatory missive is characteristic of Austen when relating heavy emotion she doesnt. Her feelings as she read were scarcely to be defined, she tells us (Austen 233). Of course, all this negation of representational skills is purely for dramatic effect, and Miss Austen goes on to provide a full account of every aspect of Elizabeths emotional upheaval per her reading of the letter, but not, however, without using the gizmo again in the second paragraph, in treating the subject of the truth about Mr. Wickham. Elizabeths feelings are conveyed as having been ...yet more acutely pa inful and more difficult of definition. give tongue to difficulty is indeed short lived, as the next sentence reads, Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror, oppressed her (Austen 233). The Wickham segment of the chapter, spanning pages 234, 235, and the better part of 236, is signifi preemptt not so practically in its development of Wickhams character, as in what it does to Elizabeth. After the aforementioned astonishment et. al., Elizabeth momentarily engages in denial (This must be false This cannot be This is the grossest craft (Austen 233)) but eventually her intellectual faculties regain their footing and she settles down to a second mortifying perusal of all that related to Wickham, and commands herself ... ... character about whom we can care, in the midst of a narrative which is not a chore to read. Works Cited Auerbach, Nina. Waiting Together Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. modernistic York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 33 6-348. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. 1813. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. Harding, D. W. Regulated Hatred An Aspect in the Work of Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 291-295. Johnson, Claudia L. Pride and Prejudice and the Pursuit of Happiness. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 367-376. Mudrick, Marvin.Irony as Discovery in Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen. Ed. Donald Gray. New York Norton and Co., 1993. pp. 295-303.

The Link Between Literacy and Recidivism Essay -- Literacy Essays

The website, literacy.kent.edu describes literacy as being able to read and write at a take to be successful in todays world and also being proficient at math, knowing how to use technology, and knowing how to solve problems and make decisions.(par. 1). So how do prisoners acquire these skills while they are incarnated away from the world? This is where literacy programs such as Literature-N-Living in Florida and Storybook Project come into play. Although these literacy programs seem minor to the world they are authorised to prison inmates, juvenile offenders and their community because studies show it can lead to reduced recidivism, positive attitude changes, and even enhance the prisoners own childrens literacy.According to Teaching Literacy in Order to Turn the Page on Recidivism Emily Music stated, recidivism is the tendency of a convicted criminal to relapse into a habit of criminal activity or deportment(p. 723). What this means is that recidivism is the rate a criminal goes back to prison for committing a crime. Music also expressed that the key to reducing recidivism rates in the unify States is decreasing illiteracy rates among juvenile delinquents(p. 724) Many studies since the 1990s state that the rate of recidivism goes down if there are options made available for inmates.Along with William Drakeford explaining in his acquire that the Reading skills of the youth in corrections could improve given the opportunity to learn in a structure environment ( p.143). A study in found inmates who did take this opportunity had a 59% lower recidivism rate than those who did not (Walker par. 3).As long as prisons provide these literacy programs and if prisoners participate they have more than 59% less of a chance o... ...ybook Project. Aid to Inmate Mothers. Web. 20 Feb. 2014Music, Emily. Teaching Literacy In Order To Turn The Page On Recidivism. Journal Of Law & instruction 41.4 (2012) 723-730.OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web. 4 Feb. 2014.TU RVEY, Sarah, and Jenny HARTLEY. What Books Can Do Behind Bars. Adults Learning 25.1 (2013) 30-31. Readers Guide Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web. 3 Mar. 2014.Vacca, James S. Educated Prisoners argon Less Likely To Return To Prison. Journal Of Correctional Education 55.4 (2004) 297-305. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 3 Feb. 2014Walker, Karen, and Inc. (EPI) Education Partnerships. High School Education In Correctional Facilities. Research Brief. Education Partnerships, Inc (2006) ERIC. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.Willoughby, Mariano. Books behind Bars. Los Angeles Times 30 Jan 2000 B2. ProQuest. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.

Zen in the Art of Archery Essay -- essays research papers

Zen in the Art of Archery, by Eugen Herrigel describes the ritualistic arts of discipline and focus that the Zen religion focuses around. In this book, Herrigel describes many aspects of how archery is, in fact, not a sport, but an art form, and is very spiritual to those in the east. The process he describes shows how he overcame his initial inhibitions and began to look toward new ways of seeing and understanding. In the beginning of the book Herrigel tells us that he is writing about a ritual and religious practice, whose aim consists in hitting a spiritual goal, so that fundamentally the marksman aims at himself and may even succeed in hitting himself. (Herrigel p. 4) Through his studies, the rootage discovers that within the Zen ritual actions, archery in this case, there lies a deeper meaning. Herrigel explains throughout this book that it is not through the actual physical aspect of shooting arrows at targets that archery is Zen, but through the art and spirituality throug h which it is performed. It is not merely shooting an arrow to hit a target, but becoming the target yourself and then, in turn, hitting yourself spiritually. By meeting this spiritual goal, you pass on then meet the physical goal. The struggle then is, therefore not with the arrow or the target but within oneself.Archery, in this book, was the way that the author found his way into Zen Buddhism. One of the most important lessons that Herrigels master taught him was, to correctly master the art of ar...

The Hunchback Of Notre Dame :: essays research papers

     A gem that has several very visible flaws yet, with these flaws, "TheHunchback of Notre Dame" shines as the best from the Disney factory yet.For, at first, the company name and movie title didnt quite appear to sitwell together. You dont marry the king of novel knightly gloom (Mr. VictorHugo) with one of the worlds most beloved (if non biggest) animationcompanies and expect the usual world population to be at the reception hardlyexpect even Mr. Walt Disney to pat himself on the shoulder blade (or whatsleft of it) for allowing a hideous hunchback to be transformed into a GeneKelly-Incredible tower combo type of hero.     This "hero" is Quasimodo (Tom Hulce), which by the focusing means half-formed.Its about his distorted education (whoever teaches the alphabet usingabomination, blasphemy, condemnation, damnation and eternal damnation ?),his shame (being crowned the king of fools), his first love and hisbig, big heart. Its about how our outward appearances should not matter(sounds familiar?). Its about believing in yourself but not beingself-righteous. And its about reliving the magic of Oscar-nominated"Beauty and the Beast", directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale (both,incidentally, were also responsible for "Hunchback".)     Wise and Trousdale obviously had a vision that didnt exactly conform toyour usual "and they lived jubilantly ever after" type of fairy tale. Theyemployed a lot of artistic license when rewrite the plot. It was, afterall, a cartoon but they didnt allow it to become an excuse to dissolve thepoignancy and tragedy into nothingness. Quasimodo did not get the girl.Nobody exactly lived "happily ever after". There was an amazing amount ofimplicit blood and violence. All that with Quasimodos unrestrainedoutburst near the end and the best animated man-made representation of thekiss contribute to the real emotions that flowed fr om the characters.      Talking about being real, the drawings in "Hunchback" were simplybreathtaking. The two directors and chief artists actually made their wayto the famed Notre Dame cathedral in Paris to experience first hand themagnificence and beauty of it. For ten whole days, they walked through,looked from, sat on, literally lived and disenfranchised Notre Dame. The artistseven "swatched" some dirt just to match the colour The result was suchartistry that even George Lucas and Steven Spielberg would have wanted tocall their own. The scenes in the market place, the panoramic view of thesteps of Notre Dame and beyond all left me gaping in wonder and sheerexcitement that such representation could be possible through animationits all thanks to computer animation.

The Probability of Landing on Different Properties in Monopoly :: Applied Statistics Essays

One of my favorite board games is Monopoly. I have noticed when Ive played Monopoly that it seems like you always land on certain squares more than others. For instance, it seems like no one ever lands on Boardwalk, and impostors land on the pick apart and orange properties more often than they land on the others. The aim of this exploration is to find out if, over the course of a Monopoly game, a player leave behind land on some squares more often than others and to use this information to figure out which properties are most profitable. This knowledge could help a player decide which properties to obtain.The rules of Monopoly are fairly simple. In each turn, the player rolls two dice and moves the add together of squares that is the total dice roll. The player then may buy the property he or she lands on if it is available, or if another player already owns it, the first player pays rent according to the instructions on the banknote associated with the property. If a player o wns all the properties in a color group, he or she can increase the rent that other players pay when they land on a square by buying houses or hotels. There are some more complications in the game, but they are not important to this exploration.I decided that the most practical way to find out if a player will land on some squares more than others was to run a simulation. In order to do so, I needed to figure out how many times a player would roll the dice in a game of Monopoly, as that was the number of repetitions I would need to have in my simulation. To find that number, I played a game of Monopoly which I timed and counted the number of rolls in. It was 93 minutes long and the dice were rolled 201 times. I divided the time by the rolls to find the time per roll . The total game of Monopoly is 60 to 240 minutes long (Wikipedia) so I decided to use the middle value, 150. I divided the average length of a Monopoly game by the average time per roll to find the number of rolls in an average length Monopoly game . I decided to assume a four person game, so I divided 324 by 4 and got 81 rolls per person.

Prophets :: essays research papers

The ProphetsThe Prophets, religious sages and charismatic figures, who were perceived as endowed with a divine gift of revelation, preached during the period of the monarchy until a snow after the destruction of Jerusalem (586 B.C.E.). Whether as advisers to kings on matters of religion, ethics and politics, or as their critics, under the primacy of the relationship between the individual and God, the vaticinators were guided by the pack for justice and issued powerful commentaries on the morality of Jewish national life. Their revelatory experiences were recorded in books of inspired prose and poetry, many of which were incorporated into the Bible.The enduring, universal appeal of the prophets derives from their refer for a fundamental consideration of human values. Words such as those of Isaiah (117) -- "Be good, devote yourselves to justice aid the wronged, uphold the rights of the orphan defend the serve of the widow" -- continue to nourish humanitys pursuit of soci al justice.The primary job of a prophet was to arouse the people and the government to repentance and observance. The traditional trance is that prophecy was removed from the world after the destruction of the First synagogue. Those prophets who are mentioned after that were alive at the time of the destruction. Several explanations are offered for why prophets no longer exist1. The fact that the Jews did not heed the calls to repentance of the prophets showed that they were not worthy. When most of the Jews remained in exile after Ezra returned, they showed that they were still not worthy of that take aim of holiness. The second temple did not have the level of kedushah holiness of the first Temple even from the beginning.2. This was actually a sign of Gds mercy. Had the Jews had a prophet and continued to decline (as was probable based on the behavior of the following centuries) even after the punishment of the exile, they would have merited complete destruction. Now they coul d say that had a prophet come they would have obeyed and thus mitigate the punishment (though some consider the current exile (i.e., the diaspora) to be harsh enough).3. After the destruction of the first Temple the sages prayed for the removal of the "Evil Inclination" of idolatry.

Prophets :: essays research papers

The ProphetsThe Prophets, religious sages and charismatic figures, who were perceived as endowed with a divine gift of revelation, preached during the block of the monarchy until a century after the goal of Jerusalem (586 B.C.E.). Whether as advisers to kings on matters of religion, ethics and politics, or as their critics, under the primacy of the relationship between the individual and God, the visionarys were control by the need for justice and issued powerful commentaries on the morality of Jewish national life. Their revelatory experiences were recorded in books of inspired prose and poetry, many of which were incorporated into the Bible.The enduring, universal appeal of the prophets derives from their call for a fundamental consideration of human values. Words such as those of Isaiah (117) -- "Be good, devote yourselves to justice aid the wronged, uphold the rights of the deprive defend the cause of the widow" -- continue to nourish humanitys pursuit of social jus tice.The primary job of a prophet was to arouse the people and the government to sorrow and observance. The traditional view is that prophecy was removed from the world after the destruction of the First Temple. Those prophets who argon mentioned after that were alive at the time of the destruction. Several explanations are offered for why prophets no longer exist1. The fact that the Jews did not heed the calls to repentance of the prophets showed that they were not worthy. When most of the Jews remained in exile after Ezra returned, they showed that they were still not worthy of that level of holiness. The second temple did not have the level of kedushah holiness of the first Temple even from the beginning.2. This was actually a sign of Gds mercy. Had the Jews had a prophet and continued to disobey (as was probable based on the behavior of the following centuries) even after the punishment of the exile, they would have merited complete destruction. Now they could severalise that had a prophet come they would have obeyed and thus mitigate the punishment (though some consider the current exile (i.e., the diaspora) to be harsh enough).3. After the destruction of the first Temple the sages prayed for the removal of the "Evil Inclination" of idolatry.

Asian Literature Essay

Asia, the worlds largest continent, expands from the area formerly fill outn as the U.S.S.R. to the Bering Strait and as far south as the Indian Ocean. Scholars limit the areas of Asia to focus predominantly on the Eastern Asiatic area in regard to Asian the Statesn literary guidelines. Asian the Statesn books allows a further exploration of the past and traditional Asian philosophies like Confucianism and Buddhism. Asian American literary productions in any case provides a voice to a kitchen-gardening chiefly ignored allowing Asian American authors to dispel stereotypes and explain cultural traditions. Asian American literature contains numerous originating nationalities, religions, languages, and philosophies for a monolithic philosophical definition.Asian Philosophy The basis of Eastern Asian philosophy finds roots in the tenet of awareness of the relationship between all things and events. This principle explains the idea of the plan of the unification of an individual w ith the universe or a sense of oneness. Eastern philosophy encompasses the principles of Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Taoism. Buddhists believe in the principle of the Middle Way or to set about moderation and avoid self-indulgence or extravagance (Ling, n.d.). Buddhists accept the impermanence of nature and an interconnection of all things. Confucianism encompasses the principles of personal and governmental morality, appropriateness of social relationships, sincerity, and arbiter (Ling, n.d.).Hinduism in India and Taoism in China are two other philosophies reigning from Eastern Asia. Hinduism expresses a belief in the idea of the Absolute. This principle explains the accepted compassionate reality as an illusion because the spirit lives infinitely. Hinduism preaches the idea of meditation to connect with the environment and reach self-realization. Taoism expresses the principle of Nature. Taoists believe the principle of Nature flows throughout flavor and connects all things (Ling, n.d.). Taoists seek to find harmony with Nature to find a happy and virtuous look.Limited exposure to Asian philosophy in America through literature cause a stereotypical and limited opinion of Asian American culture and philosophy. Typically Americans find exposure to Asian and Asian American culture and philosophy through movies and television shows creating specific stereotypes of Asian culture. The inadequate availability of Asian and Asian American literature in the united States to explain the principles of the Asian philosophies Asian Americans believe does not provide a strong voice in the Asian American community for change. The literature useable explains the experience of Asian Americans in the United States.Asian Literature The experiences of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans in modern society typify Asian American literature. Scholars generally recognized Asian American literature written beginning in the 1970s as part of the Asian American canon. As ian American literature depicts the immigrant experience in America and in later generation assimilation. Asian American literature illustrates how language created stereotypes difficult to overcome. Asian American literature also explores the feelings of Asian Americans living in internment camps during WWII and how Asian Americans incorporate Asian culture with American culture to fit into the American cultural scheme.In the shew Mother Tongue by Amy Tan explains how all people speak in assorted languages and the subsequent categorization based on speech. Tan explains the different types of side she uses to write and the kind of English she uses when she speak with her mother. When Tan speaks to her mother she speaks broken English so that her mother understands rather than grammatically correct English. I heard myself saying this not waste money that way, (Wong, 1996, p. 40). Tan explains she uses this type of English when public speaking with her family even though her mother understands more English than speaking in a broken up pattern denotes. Tan later says, When I was growing up, my mothers limited English limited my percept of her, (Wong, 1996, p. 43). Tan explains how in generally Americans view Asians who speak with fractured English as limited in knowledge or intelligence and how she herself was a victim of viewing her own mother through this stereotype. Tan uses the experience of her Asian mother to explain cultural racism in America and how English as her second language speakers makes daily communications difficult.In No Name Woman by Maxine Hong Kingston explains how a Chinese mother explained life lessons and warnings to her children through the same stories she grew up being told. The mother in the story tells a bloody tale of a woman who disgraced herself by decent pregnant and how the villagers destroyed the womans belongings and the familys home as well as killing animals and taking items to bless themselves after cleanup spot the hou se. The story ends with the pregnant woman killing herself and her baby and is never mentioned by the family again as if she never existed. Dont let your father know I that I told you. He denies her. Now that you have started to menstruate, what happened to her could happen to you. Dont humiliate us, (Maxine Hong Kingston, n.d., para. 9). Kingstons mother embraces traditional storytelling from over the assoil examples to discourage behavior in the younger generations.Garrett Hongos Kubota tells the story of Hongos grandfather and how after the attacks on Pearl Harbor by Japan he and his family feared for their lives. Hongos grandfather, a Japanese American citizen, gathered for questioning by the FBI because of being part Japanese. It did not matter that he was born an American citizen as were the other Japanese Americans gathered it only mattered that he was Asian. Many of these menit was exclusively the Japanese American men suspected of ties to Japan who were initially travel u pdid not see their families again for over four years, (Hongo, 1995, para. 7). Hongo explores the political prejudices endured by Japanese Americans during the war and how this treatment changed people. Hongo explained, I am Kubotas eldest grandchild, and I remember him as a lonely, habitually silent old man who lived with us in our home near Los Angeles for just about of my childhood and adolescence, (Hongo, 1995, para. 8).Conclusion Asian American literature encompasses the philosophical and cultural traditions of the area in Asia known as Eastern Asia. The generally accepted principle throughout different Asian philosophies is self-actualization and oneness with the nature. In the United States Asian immigrants struggled to find work and cultural identity while assimilating to American culture. oft Americans stereotype older Asian Americans as not intelligent because of a fractured way of speaking English rather than speaking with proper grammar. Asians in America faced politic al racism during the war Asian Americans loyalty came into question because of the physical appearance of Asian descent. Asian American literature includes the colorful and spectacular storytelling style of Asian culture when explaining the importance of accepting and continuing traditional Asian values to younger Asian American generations.

Learning Disabilities and the Classroom Essay

Learning Disabilities and the ClassroomWith every classroom you are fitted to see a dynamic between savants and their instructor. It takes a strong teacher to really make everything accessible to all scholarly persons including student with learning disabilities. The class that I watched was Christina Hillikers second grade. The disabilities that were part of this great dynamic were Downs, Autism, ADHD, auditory touch on and demeanour issues that cause learning difficulties. Within the classroom I was able to see many ways that Ms. Hilliker was maintaining her classroom. For general classroom expression she used a stop light method (red, green yellow). Each student had a Popsicle stick with their name for individual reprimands.For the students that have ADHD or behavior issues there is a behavior chart with daily goals, these goals last the week but are checked daily for each subject. The student with Downs has a paraprofessional that keeps race of her daily behavior goals t o connect with her IEP. The student with Autism also has a paraprofessional that maintains the guidelines for behaviors for this student. He is also on a behavior intervention plan that allows for him to maintain retain of his by allowing him to pick three activities to complete before his break. During my visit I noticed that table mathematical group was strategically fixed to help lower train students engage with peers that are at a high learning level. This pastures with shoulder partners, face to face and there were no more than four in a ground so it is not overwhelming for students with the learning disability.I also noticed that she placed the more encouraging and higher level students with O.D. the student with Downs and C.S. the student with Autism. M.M and B.S. both were split between the tables that did not have check bits so Ms. Hilliker was able to monitor their aims as she taught. They were both placed facing the board and away from the door and window to reduce distraction. Ms .Hilliker planned her lesson around the student with the disabilities, during reading the teacher made it a menses to meet with the red group (below readers) and explain to them what was expected during this time.This group meeting allowed for the students and theparaprofessionals to hear exspectations and allow for the Para have to review the directions for the red group students. C.S. and O.D. both had Ipads that allowed them to work independently on Prologo allowing the Paras to work with the another(prenominal) students. Math time was planned around the special education teacher, this was to allow for the students who were in need of flex grouping to work on the activity to have this and she was then able to monitor the correct use of the math titles. In science there was little planning needed because C.S. and B.S. (B.S. has ADHD as well as behavior problems) were always read a social story to prepare them for the desolation of science class and the expecta tions that they were to follow.For purpose of inclusion I did not like the stop light discipline, I felt that it held the students who were already on plans for behavior to too many behavior expectations. This seemed overwhelming for me as a visitor to comprehend so I am sure it was for the students with learning difficulties. I think that the behavior plans that were for the individual students worked well to meet their academic abilities and behavior goals. I would use the stop light for the students that were not on BIPs. During reading I thought that meeting with the red group was great idea because it allows the students to get that bingle on one time with the teacher in flex group setting and allows for the other students to show independence in the classroom. While meeting I thought that the Paras should have been introduced to the directions earlier so they could have in the IPads and written down for a check list for B.S and M.M. It was nice to see that Ms. Hilliker and M rs.Mester worked together during math because it seemed that the students really struggled in math and reading and the flex grouping seemed to help. I found it very strange to find out that the student with Downs was not labeled as a learning disability but was regularise into this category to access what she needed academically. I did not like the fact that due to funding most of the students like this were not on an alternative computer programme in all cases. I would however use Ms. Hillikers seating ideas because it seemed to help B.S. maintain his behavior and compete is work with minimal distractions and M.M. was close to the teacher at all times to ask for clarification. I did notice that M.M. was labeled as auditory processing disorder and there were few accommodations to help this student as an individual. While watching B.S. it was clear that there was the need to havesome event of social skills expectations that should be worked with, this student was very immature and hostile at times. M.M. on the other hand had no social interaction with his classmates unless the teacher essential made him do it.I also saw that students that were higher sometimes made B.S. and C.S. get off task when they thought it would be funny for them to get negative attention from the teacher, this was normally right after the Para or teacher paid one on one attention to these two particular students. It was clear that Ms. Hilliker was familiar with this behavior as well because she was able to stop most of this behavior before it got out of hand and was actually able to address the students that where essentially picking on B.S. and C.S. and explain the bully type behavior that they were displaying towards their classmates. In this one classroom there were many things that jumped out at me maybe because they looked overwhelming or maybe because they really worked but one thing is for sure and that is it takes everything a teacher has to keep students learning and without the support from her students and Paras Ms. Hillikers class would not run like it does. They are a class community working together to create lifelong learners.

AHIMA Code of Ethics Critique

The AHIMA label of Ethics is extremely necessary because of the following reasons First of all, it sorts out the ethical char figureeristics on which the wellness development Management is based upon (American.., 2004).Second, it focused on the major points of the wide-ranging ethical standards that reflects the professions core ideals, as well as, establish an assortment of courteous values to be employed as a guiding light in coming up with decisions and actions called for by the occurrence of critical situations (American.., 2004).Third, it lends a manus to health Information Management professional identify indispensable discussions or reflections in instances where tasks conflict or when hesitations based on moral philosophy exhibits itself (American.., 2004).Fourth, it serves as a code of behavior for the Health Information Management professional to be held liable and accountable if its called for by the people or the public (American.., 2004).Fifth, it simulated milita ry operations the post of getting together practitioners who argon not familiar to the mission, values, as well as, ethical principles of the Health Information Management (American.., 2004).Last but not least, it is for the purpose of the Health Information Management professional to personally weigh up himself or herself in a condition wherein, he or she feels that he may give way engaged in an immoral or shameful or dishonorable act (American.., 2004).Strengths of the canon of EthicsThere are several strengths of the Code of Ethics, however, the best strength is that it motivates members to act in a manner that is moral, right, and extremely honorable (American.., 2004). Members bequeath not dare violate any of the rules simply because they know there will be terrible consequences they have to face (American.., 2004).The censure, probation, suspension, and especially termination from the profession which are the consequences mentioned in the Code of Ethics play a large role i n the individuals or members behavior (American.., 2004).How the Individuals Professional Conduct is GuidedAn individual is guided by the code of ethics by clearly defining his or her responsibilities (American.., 2004). Through this they will be motivated to uphold the principles which were stated in the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).Furthermore, through the Code of Ethics, an individual will be inspired to exhibit proper conduct (American.., 2004). Moreover, an individual will also compete with others in the organization but will do so in a manner that is fair and healthy simply because he or she will be guided by the Code of Ethics (American.., 2004).In addition to that, the Code of Ethics will guide the individual to avoid the incidence of exploitation of professional relationships (American.., 2004). Also, the Code of Ethics will play a large role in respecting and trusting their colleagues (American.., 2004).How I Can Use the Code of Ethics in My Professional Life (Health Information Management)There are several ways on how I can utilize the Code of Ethics in my professional life and some of these applications entail the following situations by not discriminating a person based on race/ethnicityBy not assigning codes without consulting or requesting for the physicians documentation by not prohibiting the patient to look into his/her own complete medical record in spite of a written request provided by the individual (American Health.., 1999).ReferencesAmerican Health Information Management Association. (2004). American HealthInformation Management Association Code of Ethics.Retrieved November 26, 2007 fromhttp//library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_024277.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_024277American Health Information Management Association. (1999). Code of Ethics and By-Laws. Journal of AHIMA, 70 (1), 11 17.

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 17109201 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2012. 1. 5 Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness A Probe into the Character of Emily A Rose for Emily is a short story written by American author William Faulkner first published in the April 30, 1930 issue of Forum.It describes the tragedy of a typical Confederate lady, Miss Emily, who is deeply victimized in her character and sagaciousness by the conventional system of the South and patriarchate thus rase though she wants to fight, she still fails to con motility and deal with the changes caused by the shock of Yankee industrialisation all by herself and finally leads to destruction and suicide on the representation of pursuing happiness.This essay concentrates on exploring the character of Emily with the efforts she has made for her behavior and especially the reasons for her blow in fighting from the three aspects as Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, (the well-kn feature phrase applie d from the United States Declaration of Independence). 1. The Backup of Early Life As a descendent of the southern conventional noble family, Emily was born in the environment full of the thought of feudalism and hierarchy which makes her acquire not only the spot of arrogance and indifference to common people, but, most importantly, the habit of obedience to her founding father.Before her father dies, he is the only one Emily could rely on in her family. Therefore, there should be no blame to her that she depended on her father when she was still young, just as most of us would depend on our pargonnts during our childhood and youth. However, the fact the she gets to be xxx and is still single reveals the abnormality of the dependence. Actually, it is no longer pure dependence on her father. Instead, the dependence has developed into over obedience which then is taken wages of by her father to control her completely low the constraint of the emeritus southern tradition.The con trol is just described by William Faulkner as the tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. The father, a typical symbol of patriarchy, clutching a horsewhip, acts as a tyrant. Its him who h hoars the Griersons always a little too high for what they really are and uses his horsewhip, which exactly symbolizes patriarchy, to beat off all of the young men who come to make proposals to his daughter, Miss Emily, believing that no one is quite good sufficient for her.In fact, in his opinion, none of the young men are quite good enough not for his daughter, but for the ageing southern tradition and its dignity. He never regards Emily as an independent individual. On the contrary, he regards her as the tool to maintain their dignity in the conventional system. However, Emily has been regarding her father as the on the whole backup of her life since she was born. Whats much, she has been in this state for more than thirty years. She has long been used to this dependence and even allows this kind of dependence to conquer her strong desire for loose life and passion. To her, this dependence is just her whole life.Therefore, when her father dies, she cannot accept the fact because her father is her whole dependence and the dependence is just her whole life. Her fathers death has also deprived all the hope of her life. Her father and the old tradition her father represents are the root of Emilys tragedy thus, her fathers death should be regarded as the venture for Emily to free herself from the constraint of the conventional system. Its the beginning of Emilys fighting for her own life, liberty and happiness. 2. Liberty getting rid of her fathers control is just like releasing from a prison.After a long time of being sick, she is seen again with hair whoop short and looks like a girl, which dec lares the beginning of her liberty. However, Faulkner describes her as resembling to those angels in colored church windowssort of tragic and serene. The word of tragic seems to have indicated the sad stop of Emilys life even though she has the chance to gain liberty. And the reason lies on Emilys wrong interpretation of liberty. From the description by Faulkner, after her fathers death, the character of Emily appearing before the readers is still such an arrogant and indifferent person typically symbolizing the old tradition.It is clearly known by the readers that actually Emily never frees herself from the fetter of the conventional system even though she has gotten rid of her fathers control. However, Emily sees her liberty from a different angle. To her, liberty mover to live in a way she has long been used to at her own will. Since her father died, nobody and nothing can ever take her under control any more. Therefore, she ignores all the others denouncing the smell of her ho use, vanquishes the new generations demanding her taxes and rejects the newer generations attaching a mailbox.She still carries her head high enougheven when others all believe that she is fallen, because the way of living she has been used to is just to maintain dignity as much as she can in the environment of the old southern tradition. She refuses to free herself from the conventional system because its the very place she feels relatively free. In contrast, the new world with all those changes caused by the shock of northern industrialization is where she will feel unsafe, uneasy and uncomfortable.Similarly in the film The Shawshank redemption, the two people, the old log, Brooks, and one of the protagonists, Red, have much difficulty in adjusting themselves to the life outside after they get their parole from decades of imprisonment. Brooks even commits suicide and Red can never pea unless asking for permission. And Emily has also been imprisoned for more than thirty years which has made her long ago assimilated by the old tradition. Emily has made efforts for her life and liberty after her fathers death. Unfortunately, she interprets her liberty in the way which is against the development of the new world both in aterial and spiritual aspects. And her false interpretation is still due to the over thirty years imprisonment of patriarchy and the conventional system of the South. 3. The Pursuit of Happiness Even though the living style has been assimilated by the convention, there is still something that everyone is born with including Emily. That is the desire for happiness. Emily lives in her own old world but all alone. She receives liberty but lacks happiness. Therefore, when Homer Barron shows up, she believes that he is the source of her happiness and makes up her mind to grasping the slight of hope.However, the chance of gaining happiness is ruined again by the conflict between her old world and the shock of northern industrialization. Whats worse, f inally she leads to the road of destruction and self-destruction by her extreme desire resulting from patriarchy and the old traditions severe oppression Homer Barron, a Yankee, comes from the north and symbolizes the northern industrialization, which is definitely against the old tradition and even some basic principles of Emilys own old world such as the feature of dignity. But on the other side, he seems to Emily the hope for her happiness.As a woman oppressed by spiritual loneliness for such a long time, the desire for love and happiness is strong enough to for Emily to conquer the continual restraint of conventional hierarchical thought. As a result, she goes out of the old house, which symbolizes the convention, with her head high and together with Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove driving in the glittering buggy on Sunday afternoons. She even decides to marry him by buying a complete outfit of mens clothing regardless of all the objects and conflicts.During this period, she has gradually father deeply trapped in the love and happiness with Homer Barron. She has been oppressed by patriarchy and the southern convention for more than thirty years, and now the love she is experiencing is so unique and incomparable that it has become the whole happiness of her life and that it is impossible for her to let it go. If Homer Barron isnt going to leave her, then the love and happiness will certainly continue. However, as the symbol of northern industrialization, Homer Barron holds a completely opposite attitude towards the relationship with Miss Emily.He just regards it as a pure way of pastime without any responsibility, which is a sharp conflict between not only Homer and Emily, but also the morals of northern industrialization and the old southern convention. Under the pressure of the conflicts and the long-term victimization by patriarchy and the convention, Emilys character and mind has been complet ely deformed. In the end, to prevent the happiness from disappearing, Emily takes drastic measures as killing Homer and let the body stay with her forever so that her love and happiness will also never leave.This measure finally destroys her whole life and leaves her a complete tragedy as well as Homer Barron. In this extraordinary short story, the character of Emily William Faulkner created has made some efforts to earn her own life and liberty and even persist in the pursuit of happiness. However, her life is based on patriarchy and the conventional system of the South for more than 30 years the liberty she goes after is still trapped in the old tradition and her pursuit of happiness comes across the conflicts between the southern old tradition and the shock of northern industrialization.All of these negative factors lead to the final tragic destruction. References Olga W. Vickery. The Novels of William Faulkner A Critical Appraisal M. Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press, 1964 Fang Yigui . J. ,2007 1 Liu Aiying . J. ,1998 2 Liu Zhuo & Peng Changliu . J. ,2004 5 Wang Minqin . ? J. ,2002 2? ,? 66-69 Xiao Minghan . . ,1997?

Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations Essay

CHAPTER 14Collective Bargaining and toil RelationsChapter SummaryThis chapter allow fors an everyplaceview of private-sector repulse- forethought transaction in the unite States, with brief attention to public-sector differences and supranational labor traffic. After a imitate of labor-management traffic and a con textbook for current familys argon provided, heterogeneous aspects of the process of collective talk terms atomic number 18 described. concerted forms of labor-management relations be then presented. Finally, an explanation is wedded for how changes in competitive challenges are influencing labor-management interactions.Learning ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, the student should be able to1. key turn up what is meant by collective bargaining and labor relations.2. Identify the labor relations goals of management, labor essences, and society.3. Explain the legal environments impact on labor relations.4. Describe the major labor-management interac tions organizing, contract negotiations, and contract administration.5. Describe the bran-newfangled, less(prenominal) adversarial approaches to labor-management relations.6. Explain how changes in competitive challenges (e.g., product-mart competition and globalization) are influencing labor-management interactions.7. Explain how labor relations in the public sector differ from laborrelations in the private sector.Extended Chapter OutlineNote Key terms appear in print and are listed in the Chapter Vocabulary section.Opening Vignette stab Relations and the Bottom LineThe main let out in the 54-day strike by the United Auto Workers (UAW) at cardinal General Motors parts plants was business enterprise protective covering and whether GM would invest in plants in the United States or abide its exploit to cut U.S. custom and shift production overseas to reduce labor costs. The strike postponed all of GMs plant operations, which ca employ annual earnings and market share. GM pl ans to spin off a new unit, which would eliminate 200,000 of UAW workers from the turn outroll. Ford is thinking closely doing the same thing but has postponed the move because of UAW opposition.I. IntroductionLabor-management relations are complex, and some(prenominal) are in transition as competitive challenges drag a realignment of management and worker interests. The contain for many U.S. companies to become small and more(prenominal) efficient translates into actions (job loss) that are at cross-purposes with the interests of gist members.II. The Labor Relations Framework (text intention 14.1 and TM 14.1)A. John Dunlop bring uped a labor relations systems that consists of four-spot elements1. An environmental context (technology, market forces, etc.).2. Participants employees and their unions, management, and the government.3. A web of rules (rules of the indorse) that describe the process bywhich labor and management interact.4. Ideology (acceptance of the system a nd participants).B. Katz and Kochan form presented a model that focuses on the conclusion-making process and outcomes.1. At the st ramblegic level, management makes basic choices such as whether to work with its union or develop nonunionized operations.2. These labor and management choices made at the strategic level affect interaction at the second level, the functional level, where contract negotiations occur.3. These strategic decisions excessively affect the workplace level, the compass in which the contract is administered.III. Goals and StrategiesA. SocietyLabor unions major benefit to society throughout history has been the balancing of power and the institutionalization of industrial troth in the to the lowest degree costly way. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA, 1935) sought to provide a legal framework conducive to collective bargaining.B. focal point must conciliate whether to win or discourage the unionization of its employees. Based upon issues of wage co st, flexibility, and labor stability, as well as ideology, management must decide. If management has a union, it has the pickax of supporting a decertification vote, an election in which employees aim a chance to vote out the union.C. Labor unions assay to give workers formal imitation in setting the terms and conditions of employment. (See text Table 14.1 for categories of provisions in collective bargaining agreements).IV. conjunction Structure, Administration, and amicable stationA. National and international unions are composed of four-fold local unions, and most are affiliated with the the Statesn Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) (see Table 14.2 in the text for a list). In 1995, triplet major unions, the UAW, the United Steelworkers, and the International Association of Machinists, announced plans to merge by the year 2000. A related reading from Dushkins annual Editions Human Resources 99/00 (HR Comes of Age by Michael Losey 1. Craft unions are those that organize members of a particular skill or trade, such as electricians or plumbers. Craft unions are likely to be responsible for training programs called apprenticeships.2. Industrial unions are made up of members who work in any number of positions in a given industry, such as the auto or steel industry. Whereas craft unions whitethorn wish to control the number of members, industrial unions wish to maximize the number of members.B. topical anaesthetic unions are frequently responsible for the negotiations of a contract as well as the day-to-day administration of the contract, including the grievance procedure. Typically, an industrial local corresponds to a single(a) manufacturing facility.C. The AFL-CIO is a federation of national unions. It represents labors interests in the political process and provides numerous services to its members, in terms of research and education (text Figure 14.2). A related reading from Dushkins Annual Editions Huma n Resources 99/00 (Labor Deals a New Hand by Marc Cooper D. Union security depends upon its ability to ensure a stability of members and dues. Unions typically negotiate a contract clause that defines the relationship it has to employees and that provides for an uninterrupted flow of dues.1. A checkoff provision is an robotlike deduction of union dues from an employees pay upcheck.2. A closed shop is a union security provision at a lower place which a person must be a union member.3. A union shop requires a person to join the union within a certain length of time afterward beginning employment.4. An agency shop is similar to a union shop, but does non require union membership, only that an agency fee be paid.5. livelihood of membership requires only that those who join the union remain members through the life of the current contract.6. Right-to-work integritysAs a function of the Taft-Hartley amendment to the NLRA, states whitethorn decide to make authorization union member ship (or even dues paying) prohibited.E. Union Membership and Bargaining PowerEmployers are increasingly resisting unionization. Unions are making new attempts to organize new memberships and to provide new services. Union membership has consistently declined since 1950 and now stands at roughly 10 percent of private-sector employment (text Figure 14.3 and TM 14.2). Reasons for this decline are famous below1. Structural Changes in the EconomyThese changes include decline incore manufacturing and append in the service sector. But these changes, according to studies, only bankers bill for 25 percent of the overall union membership decline.2. Increased Employer ResistanceAlmost 50 percent of large employers in a survey report that their most important labor goal was to remain union free. Unions ability to organize whole industries has declined, and in that locationfore stipend are rarely taken out of competition. Additionally, studies have shown that if a union wins an election, it is frequently the case that managers lose their jobs (see Figure 14.4 for the increase in unfair labor practices filed). Competing by Meeting Stakeholders Needs Is sacrosanct Labor Relations Good for Business? Milwaukee-based Johnson Controls is not looking to cultivate a unionized work force. That is why it endures strikes at its seat making factories by UAW workers who were trying to negotiate their first collective bargaining contract with the company. Ford has taken a different view because it has begun a strong commitment with the UAW to be a competitive advantage. Ford realizes that it is not in the best interests of its employees to accept seats by replacement workers because their relationship with the union and respect for the team are too important to them. Finally, Johnson Controls agreed on a contract with the UAW at its two plants with help from Ford. 3. Substitution with HRMIn large nonunion companies, HRM policies and practices whitethorn encourage positi ve employee relations, and therefore union representation is not desired by employees. Competing through Globalization UAW Concedes Defeat at Transplantsfor Now UAW is diverting its attention from the Japanese-owned aggregation plants to the German-owned plants because the Japanese are turning their backs on the UAW. Transplant operations are tough to implement, but they are continuing to grow in this country and employment continues to shrink. Also, the UAW membership is beginning to shrink because it depends on the auto industry for its existence. Transplant operations usually offer pay and benefits and the social and political environments dont support unions. BMW and Mercedes-Benz are go awaying to work with the U.S. auto union because it is easier to organize during frugal times and they may be able to influence affairs with Germany. BMW pays workers periodic with bonuses as well as using a self-directed work team concept. These pay and benefits are attractive to the workers at this company. The union must also contend with plant expansions because employees find themselves considering job promotion or at to the lowest degree a move to a more appealing work slot. BMW and Mercedes-Benz are expanding both their factories and their payrolls. 4. Substitution by Government RegulationEmployment laws have been passed that reduce the areas in which unions potbelly make a contribution.5. Worker ViewsThe lack of a U.S. history of feudalism and class distinctions has limited the class-consciousness needed to support a strong union movement.6. Union ActionsCorruption, resistance to obvious economic change, and openness to women and minorities have all hurt the perception of union.V. Legal FrameworkLegislation and court decisions that provide the anatomical structure within which unions must operate have had an effect upon membership, bargaining power, and the degree to which unions and managements are successful in achieving their goals. The 1935 NLR A enshrined collective bargaining as the preferred mechanism for settling labor-management disputes. Section 7 of the act sets out the fulls of employees, including the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining.A. Unfair Labor Practices (ULPs)Employers The National Labor Relations Act (1935) prohibits certain activities by both employers and labor unions. Section 8(a) of the NLRA contains ULPs by employers.1. Employers cannot interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in utilization their Section 7 rights.2. Employers cannot dominate or interfere with a union.3. Employers may not discriminate against an individual for exercising his or her right to join or assist a union.4. Employers cannot refuse to bargain collectively with a evidence union (other examples are given in text Table 14.3).B. U nfair Labor PracticesLabor Unions These were added by the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act.1. These ULPs parallel those listed previously. For example, unions may not restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their Section 7 rights (see Table 14.4 in the text for additional examples).C. EnforcementThe National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has the primary responsibility for enforcing the NLRA.1. The NLRB is a five-member board appointed by the president. Additionally, there are 33 regional offices.2. Only businesses involved in interstate commerce are covered by the NLRA and therefore subject to the NLRB.3. The NLRB has two major functionsa. To conduct and certify representation elections.b. To prevent ULPs and to adjudicate them.4. ULP charges are filed at and investigated by the regional offices.5. The NLRB may defer to the parties grievance process instead of holding a hearing.6. The NLRB can issue a cease-and-desist enounce to halt a ULP. It may order reinstatement and back pay. The court of appeals can choose to enforce the NLRBs orders.VI. Union and Management Interactions OrganizingA. why Do Employees Join Unions?Is it for wages and benefits? Do unions help increase wages and benefits?B. The Process and Legal Framework of OrganizingAn election may be held if at least 30 percent of the employees in the bargaining unit sign authorization cards. A secret ballot election willing be held. The union is certified by the NLRB if a simple majority of employees vote for it.1. A decertification election may be held if no other election has been held within the year or if no contract is in force.2. The NLRB must define the appropriate bargaining unit. Thecriterion they use is mutuality of interest of employees.3. Certain categories of employees cannot be included.C. Organizing Campaigns Management and Union Strategies and Tactics (see text Tables 14.5 and 14.6 for common campaign issues).1. Table 14.7 in the text and TM 14.3 list employer strategies, legal and illegal, that are used during organizing campaigns. Additionally, note the significant increase in employer ULPs since the late 1960s.2. The consequence of breaking the law in this situation is minimal, and discrimination against employees active in union organizing decreases organizing success.3. The NLRB may set aside the results of an election if the employer has created an atmosphere of confusion or fear of reprisals.4. Associate union membership provides a person who is not part of a bargaining unit with near of the services a full union member receives (access to insurance, credit cards, etc.). This is a strategy unions are trying in order to increase support.5. Corporate campaigns seek to bring public, financial, or political pressure on employers during the organizing and negotiating process.Example William Patterson, corporate affairs director of the Teamsters union, attended the 1996 Time Warner Inc.s annual meeting, where he unsuccessfully pushed a Teamsters proposal to split th e chairman and CEO position into two separate positions. The Teamsters pension funds have assets of $48 billion and actively chase after strategies as stockholders to support their positions.VII. Union and Management Interaction Contract NegotiationBargaining structures, the range of employees and employers that are covered under agiven contract, differ, as shown in text Table 14.8.A. The Negotiation ProcessWalton and McKersie suggested that negotiations could be broken into four subprocesses1. Distributive bargaining occurs when the parties are attempting to divide a fixed economic pie into two parts. What one party gains, the other loses.2. Integrative bargaining has a win-win focus it seeks solutions beneficial to both sides.3. Attitudinal structuring refers to behaviors that modify the relationships between the parties, for example, offering to share education or a meal.4. Intraorganizational bargaining is the consensus- patterning and negotiations that go on between members o f the same party.B. Managements preparation for negotiations is critical to labor costs and productivity issues. The following misuses are suggested1. Establish interdepartmental contract objectives among industrial relations and finance, production, and so on.2. Review the old contract to focus on provisions needing change.3. conjure and analyze data on labor costs, your own and competitors. Data on grievances, compensation, and benefits must be examined as well.4. Anticipate union demands by maintaining an awareness of the union perspective.5. Establish the potential costs of various possible contractprovisions.6. Make preparations for a strike, including possible replacements, security, and supplier and customer.7. Determine the strategy and logistics for the negotiators.C. Negotiation Stages and Tactics1. The aboriginal stages may include many individuals, as union proposals are presented.2. During the middle stages, each side makes decisions regarding priorities, theirs and the other parties.3. In the final stage, momentum may build toward settlement or pressure may build as an impasse becomes more apparent. More small groups are used to address specific issues.4. acquire to Yes by Fisher and Ury presents four principles of negotiationsa. Separate the people from the problem.b. Focus on interests, not positions.c. Generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do.d. Insist that the results be based on some objective standard.D. Bargaining Power, Impasses, and Impasse ResolutionAn important determinant of the outcomes of negotiations is the relative bargaining power of each party. Strikes impose various economic costs on both sides and therefore, in part, determine the power.E. Managements Willingness to Take a StrikeWillingness is determined by the answers to two questions.1. give the gate the company remain profitable over the long bring if it agrees to the unions demands?2. Can the company continue to operate in the short run despite a strike.3. The following factors help determine whether management is able to take a strikea. Product DemandIf its strong, there is greater potential loss for management.b. Product PerishabilityA strike timed with perishability of a crop results in permanent revenue loss.c. TechnologyA great(p)-intensive firm is less dependent on labor for continued operation.d. Availability of Replacement Workers(Note that the Clinton Administration issued an executive order that at the time of publication was under an injunctive order. This executive order prohibits federal contractors from permanently replacing striking workers).e. Multiple Production Sites and Staggered ContractsThese permit the shifting of work from a struck site.f. Integrated FacilitiesIf parts are not available from a struck plant, other facilities may be shut down.g. Lack of Substitutes for the ProductA strike is less costly if customers cannot purchase flip-flop goods.F. Impasse-Resolution Procedures Alternatives to Str ikes1. Mediation is provided by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. While a mediator has no formal authority to force a solution, he or she acts as a facilitator for the parties, trying to help find a way to resolve an impasse.2. A fact finder is most commonly used in the public sector. The fact finders job is to investigate and report on the reasons for the dispute and both sides positions.3. Arbitration is a process through which a neutral party makes a final and binding decision. Traditionally, rights arbitration (the interpretation of contract terms) is widely accepted, while interest arbitration (deciding upon the outcome of contract negotiation) is used much less frequently.VIII. Union and Management Interactions Contract AdministrationA. The grievance procedure is a process developed to resolve labor management disputes over the interpretation and implementation of the contract. This happens on a day-to-day basis.1. The WWII War Labor Board first institutionalized the use of a third-party neutral, called an arbitrator (now, the final step in the grievance process).2. The effectiveness of grievance procedures may be judged on three criteriaa. How well are day-to-day problems resolved?b. How well does the process lay to changing wad?c. In multi-unit contracts, how well does the process handle localcontract issues?3. The duty of fair representation is mandated by the NLRA and requires that all bargaining-unit members, whether union members or not, have equal access to and appropriate representation in the grievance process. An individual union member may sue the union over indifferent or discriminatory representation.4. Most grievance procedures have several steps prior to arbitration, each including representatives from increasingly higher levels of management and the union (Text Table 14.9 and TM 14.4).5. Arbitration is a final and binding step. The Supreme Court, through three cases cognise as the Steelworkers Trilogy, confirmed the cred ibility and binding nature of the arbitrators decision.6. Criteria arbitrators use to reach decisions includea. Did the employee know the rule and the consequences of violating it?b. Was the rule applied in a consistent and predictable way?c. Were the facts collected in a fair and systematic way?d. Did the employee have the right to question the facts and present a defense?e. Does the employee have the right of appeal?f. Is there progressive airfield?g. Are there mitigating circumstances?B. New Labor-Management Strategies1. There are signs of a rendering from an adversarial approach to a less adversarial and more constructive approach to union-management relations.2. The transformation includes increasing worker involvement and participation and reorganizing work to increase flexibility. Competing through High-Performance Work Systems Look Whos Pushing Productivity Aluminum Co. of America is working to create a high performance work system within its plant by setting up a lab or-management partnership and anxiety reaction productivity, protect jobs, and as using unions as consultants. The International Association of Machinists is implementing a revolutionary change in the way unions view cooperation with management. The goal is to protect workers jobs and pay by making their employers more competitive. By developing expertise in new work systems, unions have a chance to make themselves valuable to employers battling like a shots intense global and domestic competition. Partnerships can also dilute the opposition many executives feel toward unions. However, the most willing unions still battle over wages. The IAM has opted for a soft-sell approach, marketing itself as a resource for employers. The one payoff is that unions get more jobs for its members even if it cant win election battles against nonunion contractors. 3. Union leaders have frequently resisted such change, fearing an erosion of their influence.4. In the Electromation case, the NLR B ruled that setting up worker-management committees was a violation of the NLRA, given certaincircumstances (see Table 14.10 for a description of what makes teams illegal).5. Polaroid recently dissolved an employee committee when the U.S. Department of Labor claimed it was a violation.6. In a third case, the NLRB ruled that worker-management safety committees were illegal because they were dominated by management.7. These new approaches (with the boundaries of legality) to labor relations may add to an organizations effectiveness. Table 14.11 in the text and TM 14.5 illustrate the patterns of traditionalistic and transformational approaches.IX. Labor Relations OutcomesA. StrikesSee Table 14.12 in the text for U.S. strike data. Note that strikes occur very infrequently.B. Wages and BenefitsIn 1997, private-sector unionized workers received, on average, wages that were 28 percent higher than nonunion counterparts.1. The union-nonunion gap is most likely overestimated due in part to the ease of organizing higher skilled (therefore more exceedingly paid) workers. The union threat more than likely causes an underestimation of the differences. The net difference is close to 10 percent.2. Unions influence the way in which pay is given (across-the-board wages on top of occupational wage rates). Promotions are in large part based on seniority. A related reading from Dushkins Annual Editions Human Resources 99/00 (Off the Tenure Track by Barbara McKenna C. Productivity1. Unions are believed to decrease productivity in three waysa. The union pay advantage motivates management to use more capital per worker, which is an inefficiency.b. Union contracts may limit work load, and so on.c. Strikes and other job actions result in some lost productivity.2. Unions, alternatively, may increase productivitya. Unions provide more efficient communication with management, which may reduce turnover.b. The use of seniority decreases the competition between workers.c. The armorial bearing of a union may encourage management to tighten up in terms of consistency on work rules, and so on.3. Overall, studies have think that union workers are more productive than nonunion workers although the explanation is not clear.Example Between 1978 and 1982, Ford lost 47 percent of sales. Today, Ford uses half as many workers to make a car as they did during that period. A major factor in Fords increased productivity has been the cash advance in their labor-management relationship. Management has made a strong effort to increase employee involvement. The Walton Hills plant outside of Cleveland, Ohio, is given as an example of a change from an adversarial relationship to a more cooperative approach that allowed for a change of work rules which kept the plant open.D. Profits and Stock PerformanceThese may suffer under unionization if costs are raised. Recent studies have shown negative effects on profit and shareholder wealth. These research findings describe the average e ffects of unions. The consequences of more innovative union-management relationships for profits and stock performance are less clear.X. The International ContextThe United States has both the largest number of union members and the lowest unionization rate of any Western European country or Japan (Text Table 14.13). A number of potential explanations exist.A. The growing globalization of markets (EC common market, NAFTA, etc.) will continue to put pressure on labor costs and productivity. Unless U.S. unions can increase productivity or organize new production facilities, union membership may continue to decline.B. The United States differs from Western Europe in the degree of formal worker participation in decision making. Work councils and codetermination are mandated by law in Germany.XI. The Public SectorDuring the 1960s and 1970s, unionization in the public sector increased dramatically. By 1997, 37 percent of government employees were covered by a union contract. Strikes are i llegal at the federal level and in many states for government workers.Chapter VocabularyThese terms are defined in the Extended Chapter Outline section.Web of RulesDecertificationCraft UnionIndustrial UnionLocal UnionAFL-CIOCheckoff ProvisionClosed ShopUnion Shop potency ShopMaintenance of MembershipRight-to-Work LawsUnfair Labor Practices (ULPs)National Labor Relations Act, 1935Taft-Hartley Act, 1947National Labor Relations BoardAssociate Union MembershipCorporate CampaignsDistributive BargainingIntegrative BargainingAttitudinal StructuringIntraorganizational BargainingGetting to YesMediationFact FinderGrievance ProcedureArbitrationDuty of funfair RepresentationElectromation CaseDiscussion Questions1. Why do employees join unions?Employees join unions because of dissatisfaction with wages, benefits, working conditions, and executive programy method. Employees believe that collective voice (representation) will increase the likelihood of improvement. Unionization provides a better balance of power between management and employees (as a group).2. What has been the trend in union membership in the United States, and what are the underlying reasons for the trend?Since 1950, union membership has consistently declined as a percentage of employment to approximately 16 percent of all employment. Students may suggest a number of reasons for this (as discussed in the text) decline in the manufacturing core industries, increase in employer union resistance,more frequently adopted progressive HRM policies, increase in employment legislation, and a lack of union adaptation.3. What are the consequences for management and owners of having a union represent employees?Various consequences may occur depending on the quality of the union-management relationship. Management may find less flexibility, higher wage and benefit costs, higher productivity, and a negative impact on stock price and profitability.4. What are the ecumenic provisions of the National Labor Relations Act , and how does it affect labor-management interactions?The NLRA provides a detailed list of individuals rights regarding organizing a union, bargaining a contract, and involvement (or lack thereof) in job (concerted) actions. These rights are referred to as Section 7 rights. Section 8 lists unfair labor practices for both employers and unions. Students could present and discuss each of these. The NLRB (the primary enforcement agency) was also mandated by the act.The NLRA encouraged unionization in order to provide employees with a balance of power vis a vis employers. It affects labor relations by providing a structure for negotiations and conflict resolution. Students could be called upon to provide some specific examples.5. What are the features of traditional and nontraditional labor relations? What are the potential advantages of the new nontraditional approaches to labor relations?Traditional labor relations can be characterized as adversarial in nature. Negotiations are genera lly win-lose, and grievances tend to be settled at the third and tail levels of the process. Nontraditional labor relations include an emphasis on problem-solving and win-win negotiations. Grievances may be more frequently settled informally at the first step. Additionally,employees may be involved in team efforts and participate in decision making.6. How does the U.S. industrial and labor relations systems compare with systems in other countries such as those in Western Europe?The U.S. industrial relations system has a very low relative union density rate. The union wage exchange premium is higher in the United States. Western European unions have a much higher level of formal worker participation in decision making.Web ExerciseStudents are asked to visit UAWs web site to read about and answer questions about their recent mergers. www.uaw.comEnd-of-Chapter CaseA foundation Under Foreign Factories?The global economic crisis is turning up the heat on companies that use cheap overse as labor, and as a result many companies are taking action like Nike, Inc. Nike lifted wages for its entry-level factory workers in Indonesia by 22 percent to offset that countrys devalue currency and other companies are finding ways to fix these problems without being undercut by rivals. The American Apparel Manufacturers Association (AAMA) introduced a task force to set guidelines for companies to police their factories and suppliers. In addition, the Council on Economic Priorities launched a program toward labor relations by having companies self-regulate even in the face of negative promotional material about sweatshops, which could in turn create a floor of basic working conditions evolving around the globe. The plan is to establish the Fair Labor Association (FLA), a private entity to be controlled 50-50 by corporate and human-rights or labor representatives. The FLA would accredit auditors, such as accounting firms, to certifycompanies as complying with the code of conduct, and inspect about a fifth of a companys factories for certification. This plan however needs to address wages and unionization rights in order to be successful. These two efforts can pose a problem for companies who still want to deal with sweatshops because human-rights groups will continue to expose the companies that use this technique.Questions1. From labors point of view, what challenges does the mobility of capital create of protecting workers rights?From labors point of view, the challenges are decent wage levels, appropriate standard of living, and job security.2. Should companies be oblige to pay a living wage to workers? What would the likely consequences be for workers?To avoid exploitation by companies, living wages certainly makes sense. It also treats employees as assets sort of than cheap labor.3. If international labor standards are to be enforced, what is the best means? Should enforcement take the form of self-regulation by industry groups or should national gov ernments cooperate in enforcing such standards?If international standards are to be enforced, they should be consistent and similar for the whole international market. This way it will be easier to monitor and control when there are discrepancies or when there is check-ins in the factories. National governments should take a cooperative approach in this arena to make sure things are red ink as planned and companies are complying with standards.4. As a consumer, do the conditions under which people work matter to you in choosing a product to buy?Answers will vary. For the most part, most consumers will not think about where the products came from or where they were made when deciding on whether to purchase a certain product. The people that will take this issue into consideration would probably be the human-rights groups or other informed and concerned consumers however, many people do not understand or are well informed about such issues.Additional ActivitiesTeaching SuggestionsStu dents are frequently quite interested in how labor relations work. Additionally, they may have fairly strong opinions about unions and their effectiveness. Discussions are therefore quite easy to start and keep handout. Below are a number of activities that can be added to the text material. One role play is included that allows students to try out the first step in a grievance procedure. The HBR case on the clerical and technical employees organizing campaigns gives students a good chance to think about how HRM policies and practices truly play a role in employee relations. Two of the Competing through boxes have discussion questions listed. Finally, the Saturn end-of-part case is very useful with this chapter, illustrating the benefits of a constructive joint union-management relationship.1. Competing through Quality Discussion Questions Certainly strikes bring about hostile attitudes in many cases. What strategies can management use to defuse these feelings once people are back at work? Given the Electromation case, how careful does management need to be in using teams as a quality improvement technique?2. Competing through Globalization Discussion Questions What types of strategies should U.S. organizations use when dealingwith labor relations in other countries? What information do they need and with whom should they staff the labor relations positions? Will unions ever move to have a multinational structure like many organizations do? Why or why not? You may wish to have students do some library or internet research on this question.3. An interesting case from the Harvard Business School is listed below with questions for discussion. This may be assigned to groups as a written case compend or used in class to discuss and illustrate a number of points regarding why employees join unions and what sort of union organizing techniques are used.Case 9-490-027 clerical and Technical Workers OrganizingCampaign at Harvard University (A)Case 9-490-081 Part (B) Teaching Note (5-490-083)Supplement (9-490-081)This case describes a successful organizing drive among clerical and technical workers at Harvard. The union (HUCTW) relied on unusual strategies espousing cooperation, avoiding specific demands, emphasizing the need for worker voice, and making use of volunteer organizers.Discussion Questions1. Should Harvard oppose unionization?2. How would a union affect the universitys business needs?3. How effective were Harvards campaign tactics?4. What did you learn about managing human resources from reading and analyzing this case?5. The Saturn case presents a labor-management relationship (as well as a plant design process) designed from the ground up as a cooperative, joint interaction. After covering this chapter, students should be well prepared to discuss the demands placed upon both the union and management in a situation like Saturns. The case provides some focus on the political riskiness of a cooperative relationship for the union-elec ted officials.In the Saturn case discussion, it would be useful to note the difference between beginning a new operation in which the union-management relationship is based on jointness and trust and the effort needed to change a relationship in which trust has not existed in the past.6. Assign the following article from The Wall Street Journal (May 24, 1993) Why Ms. Brickman of Sarah Lawrence Now Rallies Workers by Kevin Salwen. Note also that as part of the AFL-CIOs new union summer program, more than 1,600 young people, mostly college students, have applied for pro-labor candidates and help organize workers.Ask the students to discuss this quote Every successful social movement in history, including the civil rights movement, was run by young people. If the labor movement is going to succeed and grow again, they need to be a deep part of it.7. A role play is useful in talking about the grievance procedure. Using the following scenario, assign the roles of union steward, supervis or, employee, and observer to students in groups of four. Give them 20 minutes to try to resolve the issue informally, but if they are unable to, have them write it up as a grievance. Those groups that do resolve it may hand in their resolution. Observers should provide feedback to the students in the other roles on interpersonal skills, empathy, listening, idea generation to resolve the issue, and so on.It is Friday afternoon in the special-order fabrications section of the Caseville plant. As the supervisor Mary Reed is checking work orders, she notes that there is one order that has not been handled, and delivery is due the next week. Clearly, Mary is going to have to find several people to work a second shift on overtime. Under the Caseville-Local 484 contract, overtime must be distributed by seniority. The supervisor quickly pulls her seniority list from the file and, beginning at the top, walks around her area talking to the employees and asking about their interest in overti me instantly after the current shift ends. After talking with five men, Mary has only one who will work. Quitting time is five minutes away, and the whereabouts of Brooke Youngblood is not known (Brooke is next on the list). In desperation, Stevens asks three employees standing at their benches who are about to leave. Two of these people agree to work (both are junior to Brooke). That afternoon and evening the order is completed.Monday morning, upon arrival, Brooke is greeted and asked about his weekend. It turns out that he had taken a trip into the city with his son for a major league baseball game Friday afternoon. The tickets had been purchased a month before, and the special event was a birthday present. In the course of the discussion, Brooke learns about the overtime and realizes he hadnt been asked about it by his supervisor. He immediately calls his union steward, Carry Stevens. A discussion ensues.

Is Democracy Still Relevant in Our Society?

ALBUKHARY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JALAN TUN ABDUL RAZAK 05200 ALOR SETAR KEDAH DARUL AMAN MALAYSIA Students Details Name Mohd Rafiq Bin Mohamad Mazlan Matric No 111100075 Trimester/ yr 2/ 2013 School School of Business Assignment Details Course Title Seminar on Current Af picturesques Course Code SHH1013 Assignment form of address Research Paper Topic Is country Still Relevant in Our Society? Declaration I hereby declare that this assignment is someoneal work, and does non involve plagiarism or collusion. MOHD RAFIQ MOHAMAD MAZLAN . Date 05 APRIL 2013 Is res publica Still Relevant in Our Society? 1. 0 INTRODUCTIONRecently, there are some political issues and problems that happened in just about countries where the democracy ashes is applied. One such example is in Egypt and Syria. Therefore, the question that always arises in our mind, is democracy still relevant in our nightclub? Based on the Longman vocabulary of Contemporary English, Democracy means a establishment of government in which every mavin in the earth can vote to take its members. Even though nearly parties translate that democracy is not relevant in our society nowadays, I personally take a stand to say that democracy is still relevant as it brings many benefits to us in terms of economics and politics. . 0 PROBLEM DEFINITION The main purpose for me to postulate this this topic is because it is based on my current observation. From what I observed, I break seen many countries which apply the system of democracy in their sylvan are uttermost more create than those countries which use other form of Government. What are the realities behind the democracy system? Does it still applicable to some countries and what are the benefits, advantages or level advantages of having this system in a country? Those are questions that always arise if we discuss about democracy system.Therefore by doing this research paper, it is hoped that the concept of democracy system get out be clearer to us by comparing it in two different aspects which are the advantages and disadvantages of democracy to a country. For this research paper, I have use a method where the arguments are divided into three parts and in each part, there leave alone be advantages and disadvantages of democracy system with some supporting(a) details. 3. 0ARGUMENTS 3. 1ARGUMENT I It is no doubt that democracy does bring many benefits and advantages to a country but at the same time it does in addition bring some negative effects on delivery of a country.From Acemoglu and Robinson, an MIT economist and a Harvard political scientist, they mentioned that democracy in economics lead to inequality of economy to the citizens. overly that, from an article, Why Democracy Is Wrong, it mentioned that democracy has brought inequality to some countries. In this article, it mentioned that democracy has failed to eliminate inequality at global level and it similarly mentioned that in some democratic states, ther e is inequality of wealth and income.In addition, from a research paper, Democracy and frugal Development by Adam Przeworski, from Department of Politics, New York University, he mentioned that democracy in a country does not guarantee a country to be a developed country as he gave one example in Mali where back in 1985, Mali faced a financial crisis and had a low per capita income of $532 and the same problem happened in France where on the same socio-economic class France had per capita income of $12206 and grew at the rate of 1. 43 percent. On the contrary, democracy is not a primary factor that makes a country to have a financial crisis. I do not believe that democracy necessarily leads to phylogenesis. I believe that what a country needs to develop is discipline more than democracy (Lee Kuan Yew cited in The Economist, August 17,1994, p. 15). From a book, stinting Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, it mentioned that democracy has helped one country to be a developed and one such example effrontery is Singapore. Singapore was ranked in the first position by Bloomberg Businessweek in 2009 as the most competitive country in the world.In addition, from a book create verbally by Rainer Heufers, The Politics of Democracy in Malaysia, she mentioned that democracy is one of the factors that have helped Malaysia in terms of economics to be one of the most fastest development counties in this region. (Kurzman, Werum, and Burkhart, 2002) mentioned that democracy is computable for investment and at the same time it has a positive effect on economic growth as it grows in a climate of liberty, free-flowing information, and property rights secure from the arbitrary power of the state. . 2ARGUMENT II Democracy also plays a significant role in maintaining a good and a stable political condition in one country. On the other hand, it also brings some negative impacts in politics of a country. In an article written by Manali Oak, she mentioned that not all citizens are aware of the political scenario in their own country thus this somehow makes people make a wrong choice during election and from Christopher Ryan Maboloc, a Chair of the PhilosophyDivision at the Ateneo de Davao University, he mentioned that democracy in politics is weak because the elected party that has win the election does not guarantee a country to be a developed country in one term. And, from Alessandro Pellegata, a graduate from School in Social, Economic and Political Studies, Universita degli Studi in Milano, in his paper, he mentioned that democracy system may lead to higher political corruption compare to some dictatorships and autocracies. This is because some politicians or ministers in a country may have some hidden agendas for their own personal benefits and purposes.For example, from the annual review of corruption in Asia by the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) in March 21, 2012, India as the worlds largest democracy country is listed as the mos t corrupted countries in Asia and this followed by Indonesia and Cambodia. However, on the other hand, democracy does help some countries in making their countries become stable. This is proven from an article by Tusha Gupta, where she mentioned that democracy helps in making a stable government as it is based on peoples trust and support.Again, she mentioned that democracy will make a country becomes a fair and a just country, as it is based on the principle of equality. This is because the real democracy means the equality and freedom of all citizens and having equal access to legislative processes and are generally protected by a constitution (The Democracy Sourcebook, 2003). This can be proven from most of the countries where democracy is applied are developed countries. From World Bank in 2010, it stated that there are thirty two countries listed as developed countries and most of them are democracy countries.A democracy country has three advantages. There are politically stabl e, economically stable and internationally stable. This is because most developed countries do not suffer from serious declines in economy and they do not have many problems such as wars with other countries because of the stability in politics and economics and this result to a peaceful country (Richard Bruce, 2011). 3. 3 ARGUMENT III In addition, democracy does in some ways give negative impacts on the moral and ethical aspects. From Tusha Gupta, she mentioned that democracy will lower the moral standard.This is because the candidates will use any kinds of ways even though the ways are considered as unethical as it is to ensure that they will win the election. One such example is money power works hand-in-hand to ensure that one will win and beat the competitors. Other than that, democracy could also give bad influence by the political parties. From an online article by Pearson, it mentioned political party is a component and fundamental of a democracy system but unfortunately som etimes the party members overlook the interest of the state for the benefit of their own party.In order to ensure that they will get the power, they will sometimes practise the immoral ways, inciting hatred and also spreading caste feelings. This will affect and give a bad impression on the national character. On the contrary, some academicians and politicians believe that democracy can help in making a good, moral and mature citizen. From Alexis de Tocqueville, a great French political judgement and philosopher, he mentioned that democracy is the first school of good citizenship. Citizens learn their rights and duties from birth till death in it.This is because democracy creates a proper environment for the development of personality instilling good habits among the citizens. From Mansi Chitransi (2009), he mentioned that democracy is part of a social responsibility towards their nation. This is a good moral value where people execute the sense of contribution for their country t hrough selecting the right people to lead the country. They will have the chance to speak out their views through voting. This will also create the feeling of belongingness towards their society and its well-being.From my personal opinion, democracy does bring benefits to the people of a country. Based on my experience, democracy creates a mature and wise person in thinking. This is because one of the elements in democracy is we are free to choose and to elect anyone to be our representative and in order to choose a person, we have to be really critical in our decision and be aware of the current situation so that we can choose the right person to phlebotomise the government. 4. 0CONCLUSION In conclusion, democracy has been seen as a major influence in modernising a country. It is proven that democracy has changed many countries from a third orld country to be a first world country and it is proven by the article from The Council on Foreign Relations, where it says that most democr acy countries have performed well in increment Domestic Product (GDP) per capita per year compared to autocracy countries such as North Korea and Cuba. And I am still fixed with my stand to say that democracy gives many advantages to a country in terms economics and politics even though it is no doubt that it also somehow have negative impacts. 5. 0REFERENCES The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (5th ed. ). College Park, NY Longman Acemoglu, D. Robinson, J. (2005). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Bruce, R. (2011). List of Developed Democracies and Why it Matters. Retrieved from http//richleebruce. com/economics/1st-world. html Council on Foreign Relations. (2003, March 19). The Relationship between Democracy and Development Implications for Policy. Retrieved from http//www. cfr. org/democratization/relationship-between-democracy-development-implications-policy/p5778 Chitranshi, M. (2009, March 16). Advantages and Disad vantages of Democracy. Retrieved http//www. articleswave. om/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-democracy. html Dahl, R. , Shapiro, I. and Cheibub, J. (eds) (2003) The Democracy Sourcebook (Cambridge, MA MIT Press). Gupta, T. (n. d). What are the Main Challenges to Democracy?. Retrieved from http//www. preservearticles. com/2012051632246/what-are-the-main-challenges-to-democracy. html Heufers, R. (2002, October). The Politics of Democracy in Malaysia. Retrieved from http//www. asienkunde. de/articles/Malaysia2. pdf Is Democracy An Economic Liability?. (2011, July 6). Retrieved from http//www. economist. com/blogs/freeexchange/2011/07/political-economy Kurzman, C. Werum, R. , Burkhart, R. E. (n. d). Democracys Effect on Economic Growth A Pooled Time-Series Analysis, 1951-1980. Retrieved from http//kurzman. unc. edu/files/2011/06/Kurzman_Werum_Burkhart_SCID. pdf Maboloc, C. R. (2011, August 16). Political Reform and Human Development. Retrieved from http//philippine-democracy. b logspot. com/2011/08/political-reform-and-human-development. html Munsyi Ahmed. (2010). Most warring Economies 2010. Retrieved from http//images. businessweek. com/ss/10/05/0519_most_competitive_countries_2010/2. htm Pellegata, A. (2009, September).The Effects of Democracy on the Quality of Governance. Evidence on the Capacity of Political Systems to Constrain Corruption. Retrieved from http//www. sisp. it/files/papers/2009/alessandro-pellegata-427. pdf Pereira, C. (2011, January 9). Political Institutions, Economic Growth, and Democracy The Substitute Effect. Retrieved from http//www. brookings. edu/research/opinions/2011/01/19-political-institutions-pereira Political & Economic Risk Consultancy, Ltd. (2012, March 21). Asian Intelligence Annual review of corruption in Asia. Retrieved from http//www. asiarisk. com/subscribe/exsum1. pdf Przeworski, A. n. d). Democracy and Economic Development. Retrieved from http//as. nyu. edu/docs/IO/2800/sisson. pdf Singapore, Singapore Economic D evelopment Board. (2012, April 11). Singapore Is Ranked First In The World As The City With The Best Investment Potential. Retrieved from http//www. edb. gov. sg/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_rankings. html The plight of a More Advanced Developing Country. (n. d). Retrieved from http//www. fas. nus. edu. sg/ecs/pub/wp/previous/PW2. pdf Why Democracy Is Wrong. (2006, May 13). Retrieved from http//web. inter. nl. net/users/Paul. Treanor/democracy. html

Deviance and Social Control Experiments Essay

An interest assignment was assigned to us this week, one that I was excited and a little nervous to bunk started on. Our society is quite dependent on what is normal. Normal is following a single-valued function, one that was set scarcely by you and no others. Normal is to dress in what is considered socially acceptable, not garb that would throw you into a social outcast setting. But what happens when you defy these norms and start to step out of the box? At central office my husband and I have established a fashion that works well for us. Simple chores, such(prenominal) as, loading and unloading the dishwasher and laundry are split equally between us.Another routine that took shape shortly after we were married was where we sat in relation to the television. I sat on the long couch on the middle cushion he sat on the love topographic point with the recliner. I have no idea where this tradition came from however I was excited to shake it up. I started sitting in the recliner . No actors line were spoken about it beforehand it was just claimed as tap. This behaviour merited a few odd looks and that was that. I suppose to think this behavior was odd is to complete my husband. The most laid back person I have ever met, he shies away from confrontation on any level.I brought up the subject a few mean solar days into the examine and he simply shrugged his shoulders and said that it was just a place to sit. We have since fallen back into our routine scarce now we both have an unspoken knowledge that it is indeed, just a place to sit. When it comes to fashion sense, mine falls under classy yet comfortable. I was excited to see that fashion could play a role in this assignment and actually chose to utilize the entire week. Being a stay at home wife means that there is hardly a dire need for me to leave the house.Errands dirty dog be accomplished in one day. However, I do enjoy the library and frequent it often, but instead of visiting in casually comf ortable clothing I wore a party dress. not just a party dress but one with ridiculous shoes, rain boots. I mat so silly at first but boldly embraced my fashion choice as the day wore on. Many patrons of the library stole glances but didnt say much. I was feeling sad for myself, I was finding that standing out is much harder that I imagined but also admiration for those who do it mundane and have no tribulations.As I was leaving a little girl came and grabbed my poufy skirt and told me she desire my dress and I found it to be an instant mood booster, one that made this little experiment well worth the challenge. My mother and I have a wonderful relationship, one that took long time and years of teenage angst and stubbornness to overcome. These days, however, we are thick as thieves. I call her daily just to blurt out and she is a shoulder to cry on during hard times. She is, in no way, soft spoken but in her aging years has gotten to be much calmer. We rarely fight or argue any l onger and when we do we simply get off the phone.One day I called her and talked to her in a aloud voice. As I did I was having flashbacks to my teenage years where, it seemed, all I did was talk to her like this. She was instantaneously upset with me and asked why I was mad and yelling. I wasnt yelling just talking obstreperously and since it happens so rarely anymore she mistook it for yelling. We have maybe a minute long talk and she hung up. I was severely upset and hated doing this experiment. I had no idea it would upset her so much and that, in turn, would upset me. I called her back immediately and informed her of the assignment. She thought it was hysterical.She laughed so hard but I feel it was more out of relive than anything else. Overall, this assignment was enjoyable. I learned how to step out of routine and that sometimes that is ok. It is not going to shake up life as much as would be expected. I learned that fashion is in the eye of the beholder. It is not someth ing that should hold as much stuff as magazine emphasis and that sometimes a little girl knows all the right words to turn your day upside down. I learned how clear my mother can be and also, how sensitive that makes me. I learned not to take myself to seriously because nobody else does.